Science Test- 1/25/18 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Science Test- 1/25/18 Deck (38)
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1
Q

Ice wedging

A

Ice expands, pushing deeper into rock, then ice melts

2
Q

Abrasion

A

As it rains and when the wind blows tiny particles it smooths out the rock.

3
Q

Growth of Plants

A

The roots of different plants break the rock and sidewalks as the roots grow.

4
Q

Actions of Animals

A

Animals burrow under and climb on top of rocks causing them to become loose and causing them to break.

5
Q

Heating and Cooling

A

Unequal rates of expansion cause the outside of rocks to break off like flakes.

6
Q

Freezing and Thawing

A

As water freezes in the cracks of rocks it causes the rock to expand and cause more cracks.

7
Q

What is a powerful agent of both chemical and physical weathering?

A

Water

8
Q

How does the water shape the land through abrasion?

A

By the grinding action of particles carried in rivers and stream beds.

9
Q

How does the water shape the land through long shore drift?

A

Waves move sand from one beach to another.

10
Q

How does the water shape the land through stream erosion?

A

Creating gullies and deltas by erosion and deposition

11
Q

In the fizz faster activity what did the whole tablet represent?

A

A whole rock.

12
Q

In the fizz faster activity what did the crushed tablet represent?

A

Sediment or broken bits of rock

13
Q

In the fizz faster activity what type of weathering did the whole tablet undergo?

A

Chemical weathering

14
Q

In the fizz faster activity what type of weathering did the crushed tablet undergo?

A

Mechanical/physical and chemical weathering

15
Q

In the fizz faster activity why did the crushed tablet dissolve faster?

A

The water could reach every part of the crushed pieces.

16
Q

What is beach replenishment?

A

When people take sand from one beach and bring it to another since sand was lost due to erosion.

17
Q

What are some reasons people are against beach replenishment?

A

It is expensive, harms neighboring marine life and it’s not natural

18
Q

What process makes a rock turn into a metamorphic rock?

A

When they are under intense heat and pressure.

19
Q

Describe Sandstone

A

Sedimentary; reddish layers; grainy (gritty)

20
Q

Describe Granite

A

Igneous; coarse; rough

21
Q

Describe obsidian

A

Igneous; shiny black glass

22
Q

Describe Marble

A

Metamorphic; white or whitish with crystals

23
Q

Describe shale

A

Sedimentary; grey; grainy; rough layers

24
Q

Describe pumice

A

Igneous; light grey; tiny holes; rough

25
Q

Describe slate

A

Metamorphic; dark grey

26
Q

What processes turn an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock?

A
  1. Weathering
  2. Erosion
  3. Deposition
  4. Compaction
27
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

From magma or lava that cools and hardens

28
Q

What is the most common rock on Earth?

A

Basalt

29
Q

What type of rock is basalt?

A

Igneous

30
Q

Where does basalt form?

A

The ocean floor

31
Q

Where does sediment come from?

A

Broken bits of other rocks

32
Q

Name several reasons why sedimentary rocks are the most commonly used rock in construction.

A

Plentiful, easy to find, don’t have to dig far, soft compared to other rocks making them easy to shape

33
Q

What natural phenomenon is likely to occur near a fault?

A

Earthquake

34
Q

Why are Earthquakes common in California?

A

They have several faults in California.

35
Q

What causes the movements of tectonic plates?

A

Movements in the mantle

36
Q

Explain what is meant by the term sea floor spreading.

A

Occurs at mid open ridges where new ocean crust forms through cooling lava and gradually moves away from ridge

37
Q

Explain what is meant by the term subduction.

A

When one tectonic plate slides underneath another as it sinks it melts becoming part of the mantle.

38
Q

Explain how seafloor spreading and subduction can be viewed as a cycle.

A

As tectonic plates move new crust is formed by seafloor spreading and subduction pushes the plates together part of the crust deforms.