SCLOA - outline & explain how SCLOA principles can be demonstrated in research Flashcards Preview

IB Psychology HL > SCLOA - outline & explain how SCLOA principles can be demonstrated in research > Flashcards

Flashcards in SCLOA - outline & explain how SCLOA principles can be demonstrated in research Deck (11)
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1
Q

principles of SCLOA

A

Principle 1: The social and cultural environment influences individual behaviour
Principle 2: We want connectedness with and a sense of belonging to others.
Principle 3: We construct our conceptions of the individual and social self.

2
Q

Principle 1

A

The social and cultural environment influences individual behaviour
Social: Bandura (1965)
Cultural: Berry (1967)

3
Q

Social Learning Theory

A
Coined by Bandura.
Assumes that humans learn behaviour via observational learning, with:
- attention
- retention
- motor reproduction
- motivation
4
Q

factors determining whether social learning will occur

A
  • consistency of model’s behaviour
  • identification with the model
  • incentives (rewards/punishments)
5
Q

characteristics of individualistic cultures

A
  • focus on self > others
  • individual autonomy and self-expression encouraged
  • people are viewed as unique individuals
6
Q

characteristics of collectivistic cultures

A
  • focus on others > self

- individual autonomy and self-expression not encouraged.

7
Q

effect of individualist/collectivist cultures on conformity

A

Berry (1967):

  • replicated Asch (1951) with Temne people and Inuits
  • found that Temne people conformed significantly more
  • likely due to the cooperative nature of their economy
  • so social agreement is important for the Temne
  • in contrast, Inuits forage for resources individually
8
Q

Principle 2

A

We want connectedness with and a sense of belonging to others
Main study: Asch (1951)

9
Q

Asch (1951) - Summary

A
  • participants were put in groups with confederates and asked to judge the length of a line
  • confederates made obvious misjudgements
  • but only 24% of participants didn’t conform at all
  • when asked why they conformed, participants said it was to avoid social disapproval/criticism
  • Most participants said felt a need to feel accepted by the rest of the group
  • the ‘group’ also includes the experimenter (some said they did not want to ruin the experiment)
10
Q

Principle 3

A

We construct our conceptions of the individual and social self
Main study: Tajfel et al. (1971)

11
Q

Tajfel et al. (1971) - Summary

A
  • participant groups chosen arbitrarily (participants were led to believe the groups were chosen by a preference for paintings by Klee or Kandinsky)
  • social identity still established despite the arbitrary method used to form groups
  • participants showed strong tendency to award more points to in-group members
  • some would give up point gains for their in-group just to make sure there was a difference in points between in-group and out-group
  • despite working individually, boys still regarded themselves as belonging to a group
  • study also supports the notion of in-group favouritism and positive distinctiveness

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