Scrot and Test 3

Question 1

is US good at detecting testicular tumors

Answer 1

yuuus, 100% sensitivity

Question 2

most intratesticular masses are

Answer 2

malignant

Question 3

most extratesticular masses are

Answer 3

benign

Question 4

_____% of testicular tumours are malignant

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

testicular neoplasms most common in

Answer 5

< 2.5 years and later adolescents

Question 6

Children with ________ are 30-50 times more likely to develop a testicular neoplasm

Answer 6

cryptorchidism

Question 7

6 types of germ cell tumors

Answer 7

Seminoma
Yolk sac tumor
Embryonal carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
Teratocarcinoma
Teratoma (benign)

Question 8

2 types of non germ cell tutors

Answer 8

leydig cell tumor and sertoli cell tumor

Question 9

most important thing for differentiating between tumor, hematoma, orchitis or abbess

Answer 9

clinical history

Question 10

most testicular tumours are

Answer 10

hypo echoic, well defined, solid, hemorrhage, necrosis, calcifications, hydrocele, hyper vascular

Question 11

seminoma most common in

Answer 11

adults, rare in children

Question 12

seminoma associated with

Answer 12

cryptorchidism

Question 13

seminoma US appearance

Answer 13

hypo echoic, heterogenous, distorts testis if large, vascular

Question 14

yolk sac tumor most common tumor in

Answer 14

prepubescent children

Question 15

yolk sac tumor S/S

Answer 15

painless scrotal mass with increase AFP

Question 16

choriocarcinoma indications

Answer 16

increased B HCG level

Question 17

3 highly malignant tumors

Answer 17

yolk sac
embryonal carcinoma
choriocarcinoma

Question 18

teratoma benign or malignant

Answer 18

benign

Question 19

teratoma affects

Answer 19

children <4 yrs

Question 20

sono appearance of teratoma

Answer 20

complex mass with serous filled cystic areas, with possible areas of fat or calcification
teratocarcinoma has a very similar appearance

Question 21

2 Stromal tumors

Answer 21

leydig and sertoli

Question 22

stromal tumors benign or malignant

Answer 22

benign

Question 23

Stromal tumors S/S and appearance

Answer 23

slow groiwng, hormone secreting

well circumscribed, small and hypo echoic

Question 24

leydig secrete

Answer 24

testosterone

Question 25

sertoli secrete

Answer 25

mostly inactive hormones but some secrete estrogen, this can lead to gynacomastia

Question 26

5 extratesticular causes of scrotal masses

Answer 26

``` Hydrocele Hematocele Scrotal hernia/Inguinal hernia Varicoceles Spermatoceles/Epidydimal cysts ```

Question 27

what is hydrocele

Answer 27

abnormal collection of serous fluid in scrotal sac

Question 28

what is communicating hydrocele

Answer 28

congenital hydrocele that occurs if processus vaginalis fails to close during development

Question 29

what is reactive hydrocele

Answer 29

acquired hydrocele that might be caused by infection, torsion, truama or tumor

Question 30

acquired hydroceles more common in

Answer 30

older children

Question 31

what is hematocele

Answer 31

blood in the tunica vaginalis

Question 32

hematocele cause

Answer 32

surgery/ trauma mostly sometimes malignant tumor

Question 33

sono appearance hematocele

Answer 33

- fluid collection with debris, septations or fluid-debris levels.

Question 34

what is varicocele

Answer 34

dilated veins of pampiniform plexus (mostly left side)

Question 35

sono of varicocele

Answer 35

serpentine anechoic structures

Question 36

inguinal hernia occur more on what side

Answer 36

left

Question 37

no paristalsis in

Answer 37

incarcerated hernia

Question 38

testicular microlithiasis seen in patients with

Answer 38

Down’s syndrome Cryptorchidism Klinefelter’s syndrome it is asymptomatic tho

Question 39

what is testicular microlithiasis

Answer 39

calcified debris in the seminiferous tubules

Question 40

testicular microlithiasis associated wit h

Answer 40

diseases that have increased risk of malignancy

Question 41

spermatocele

Answer 41

Occur in epi head, consist of fluid, spermatazoa, and sediment

Question 42

epididymal cysts

Answer 42

Contain no spermatazoa, in epi head, body and tail, anechoic | Can present as a mass