Scrotum A&P

Question 1

what is the primary sex organ for males and what does it produce?

Answer 1

testes produce sperm

Question 2

what are male secondary sex organs and what do they do? (7)

Answer 2

1. epididymis
2. ductus deferens
3. seminal vesicle
4. prostate gland
5. bulbourethral glands
6. scrotum
7. penis

they protect, transport, and nourish sperm

Question 3

where do the testes develop in the embryo?

Answer 3

they develop in proximity to mesonephric ducts

Question 4

when do testes descend into the scrotum during embryonic development?

Answer 4

8th month

Question 5

what is housed in the compartment sac?

Answer 5

1. testicle
2. epididymis
3. part of vas deferens

Question 6

what size are the testes in SAG?

Answer 6

3-5 cm

Question 7

what size are the testes in TRV?

Answer 7

2-4 cm

Question 8

what size are the testes in AP?

Answer 8

3 cm

Question 9

what is the outermost layer of the testes?

Answer 9

tunica vaginalis

Question 10

what is the middle layer of the testes?

Answer 10

tunica albuginea

Question 11

what are the thin septations arising from the tunica albuginea called?

Answer 11

mediastinum testes

Question 12

where is the epididymis in relation to the testes?

Answer 12

posterosuperior & posteroinferior lateral border of the testes

Question 13

what are the 3 different parts of the epididymis?

Answer 13

head, body, tail

Question 14

what is the size of the epididymis?

Answer 14

6-7 cm long

Question 15

what is the diameter of the head of the epididymis?

Answer 15

10-12 mm

Question 16

what is the diameter of the body of the epididymis?

Answer 16

2-5 mm

Question 17

what is the diameter of the tail of the epididymis?

Answer 17

2-5 mm

Question 18

what is the artery that supplies the testicle?

Answer 18

testicular artery

Question 19

what structures does the deferential artery supply?

Answer 19

1. epididymis
2. ductus deferens

Question 20

what artery supplies the peritesticular (scrotum) tissues?

Answer 20

cremasteric artery

Question 21

what is the network of veins that runs througout the testes?

Answer 21

pampiniform plexus

Question 22

the pampiniform plexus joins together to become the spermatic vein. T/F?

Answer 22

true

Question 23

the spermatic vein is not part of the spermatic cord. T/F?

Answer 23

false

Question 24

where does the right spermatic vein drain to?

Answer 24

IVC

Question 25

where does the left spermatic vein drain to?

Answer 25

left renal vein to IVC

Question 26

what structures make up the spermatic cord?

Answer 26

1. testicular artery
2. spermatic vein
3. ductus deferenss

Question 27

what is the normal US appearance of the scrotum?

Answer 27

homogenous and mid gray echoes

Question 28

what do the mediastinum testes look like in US? (SAG & TRV)

Answer 28

SAG: echogenic line
TRV: ovoid

Question 29

what does the epididymis look like in US compared to testes?

Answer 29

iso or a bit hyperechoic vs the testes

Question 30

what does the appendix testis look like on US?

Answer 30

hyperechoic protuberances superior to testis & epididymis

Question 31

the appendix testis is ALWAYS visible on US. T/F?

Answer 31

false

Question 32

what does the spermatic cord look like on US? (SAG & TRV)

Answer 32

SAG: multiple hypoechoic linear structures
TRV: circular hypoechoic structures

Question 33

what frequency do you want to use when scanning scrotum?

Answer 33

5 MHz+ linear probe

Question 34

what is polyorchidism?

Answer 34

congenital variant where there testes are duplicated, usually 3 present

Question 35

which testis more commonly has polyorchidism?

Answer 35

left testis