second paper

Question 1

define geology

Answer 1

the study of planet earth through its composition, processes, and history

Question 2

ideas about the earths interior came from… (4 ideas)

Answer 2

1) earthquakes
2) meteorites
3) spacecraft measurements of gravity and magnetic vibrations
4) laboratory experiments on rocks

Question 3

How do earthquake waves help reveal the earths interior?

Answer 3

during an earthquake, some of the vibrations travel completely through the interior of the earth, providing scientists with significant information.

Question 4

what did alfred wegener propose in 1910’s ?

Answer 4

the continents where at one time part of a super continent called pangea

Question 5

If the continents had onve been together and drifted apart, we can expect…

Answer 5

the continuity of geological features when put back together.

Question 6

different continents indicate different…

Answer 6

positions of N and S poles

Question 7

most geologists thought the sea floor was ____ until a diverse ______ was found

Answer 7

flat
topography

Question 8

what two characteristics of the sea floor topography were discovered?

Answer 8

1) mountain ranges
2) trenches

Question 9

define paleomagnetism

Answer 9

when igenous rocks cool, magnetism is frozen in, like tiny compasses

Question 10

what does paleomagnetism in the deep sea floor indicate?

Answer 10

many episodes of magnetic reversals had taken place

Question 11

where do magnetic reversals take place

Answer 11

in parallel paired bands on opposite sides of a mid ocean ridge.

Question 12

what are magnetic reversals?

Answer 12

the earths magnetic field changes direction

Question 13

what is the sea floor spreading hypothesis?

Answer 13

hot molten rock moved from the interior of the earth, flowing out to create new rocks

Question 14

what are plate tectonics?

Answer 14

the rigid upper 40 miles of earth is broken into plated that can slide around on the zone of weakness

Question 15

what is the lithosphere?

Answer 15

the upper 40 miles of earth

Question 16

what is the asthenosphere?

Answer 16

the zone of weakness

Question 17

plates of lithosphere are moved around by…

Answer 17

the underlying hot mantle convection cells

Question 18

the crust ____ on the more liquid ______ and is buoyed up by its ______

Answer 18

floats
liquid
density

Question 19

the mantle is _____ which gives it great _____ and temperature

Answer 19

molten
pressure

Question 20

the continents forced _____ where the crust was _____ or could be forced to ______

Answer 20

apart
weaker
break

Question 21

the ocean contains chains of mountains called…

Answer 21

oceanic ridges

Question 22

the ocean contains long trenches that run ______ to the continents. They are called….

Answer 22

parallel
oceanic trenched

Question 23

what does the mid atlantic ridge divide?

Answer 23

the atlantic ocean

Question 24

where the ridge reaches above sea level, it makes ocean islands like…

Answer 24

iceland

Question 25

plate tectonics states that the ______ is broken into rigid _____ that ____

Answer 25

lithosphere plated move

Question 26

some plates contain part of the continent and part of the ocean basin while other only contain...

Answer 26

ocean basin

Question 27

earthquakes and volcanoes happen at...

Answer 27

plate boundaries

Question 28

define divergent boundaries and what they create

Answer 28

2 plates move away from each other forming a new crust zone

Question 29

define convergent subduction boundaries and what the create

Answer 29

2 plates move towards each other creating earthquakes and volcanoes

Question 30

define convergent collision boundaries and what they create

Answer 30

2 plates move into each other forming mountains

Question 31

define oceanic-oceanic convergence and what they create

Answer 31

2 oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone.

Question 32

what does a subducting plate plate form?

Answer 32

A trench

Question 33

define transform boundaries and what they create

Answer 33

2 plates sliding past each other creating earthquakes.

Question 34

where are the vast majority of active volcanoes?

Answer 34

plate boundaries

Question 35

what is the cause of earthquakes?

Answer 35

sudden release of energy due to stress on a rock beneath the earths surface

Question 36

what are submarine earthquakes?

Answer 36

energy released into the water causing tsunamis

Question 37

3 ways volcanoes are formed

Answer 37

1) subduction 2) rifting 3) hotspots

Question 38

what is the evidence for paleotology?

Answer 38

reptile bones found across the world from animals that couldn't swim