Section 1 key terms Flashcards by William Kerns

mons pubis, labia majora, minora, clitoris, urethral opening and vestibule of the vagina

External genitalia

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pelvis above the rim, communicates with the abdominal cavity

False pelvis

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lesser pelvis, area below the pelvic brim, considered the pelvic cavity

True pelvis

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the true pelvis is considered the

Pelvic cavity

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helps form the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity

Coccygeus muscles

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join with the psoas major muscles to form the iliopsoas muscles

Iliacus muscle

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line separating the true and false pelvis, passes the superior border of the sacrum to the superior margin of the pubic symphysis

Ilipectineal line

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forms the pelvic floor along with the coccygeus muscle, stretches across the pelvic cavity like a hammock

Levator ani

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triangular sheet of muscle that arises from the anterolateral pelvic wall and surrounds the obturator foramen, serves to rotate and abduct he thigh

Obtuator internus muscle

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flat pyramid muscle arising from the anterior sacrum, passing through the greater sciatic notch to insert into the superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur, serves to rotate and abduct the thigh

Piriformis muscle

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paired muscle that originates at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and extends inferiorly through the false pelvis on the pelvic sidewall where it unites with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle before inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur, serves to flex the thigh toward the pelvis

Psoas major muscle

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parallel longitudinal lines commonly seen in the muscle tissue when imaged sonographically, appear as hyperechoic parallel lines running in long axis of the muscle tissue

Striations

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postion of the uterus when the uterus is tipped slightly forward so that the cervix forms a 90 angle of less with the vaginal canal

Anteverted

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position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends forward toward the cervix

Anteflexed

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double fold of peritoneum that drapes over the fallopian tubes, uterus and ovaries

Broad ligament

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continuation of the broad ligament that extends across the pelvic floor laterally, helps fix the cervix in position

Cardinal ligament

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steroidal hormone secreted by the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of the female reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics. Promotes the growth of endometrial tissue during proliferative phase

Estrogen

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portion of the broad ligament that encloses the fallopian tubes

Mesosalpinx

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paired ligament that extends from the inferior/medial pole of the ovary to the unterine cornua

Ovarian ligament

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female egg

Ovum

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serous membrane that envelopes the uterus

Perimetrium

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hormone secreted by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maintain the endometrium for the arrival and implantation of an embryo

Progesterone

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pouch of douglas, area between the rectum and the uterus where free fluid can collect

Rectouterine pouch

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postion of uterus when uterine fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix

Retroflexed

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postion of the uterus when the fundus is tipped posteriorly

Retroverted

pairs ligaments tht originate at the uterine cornua, anterior to the fallopian tubes and course anteriolaterally withing the broad ligament to insert into the fascia of the labia majora

Round ligament

loacted between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis, contains extra peritoneal fat

Space of retzius

paired ligament that extends from the infundibulum of the fallopian tube and lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall

Suspensory ligament

posterior portion of the cardinal ligament that extends from the cervix to the sacrum

Uterosacral ligament

pouch formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus

Vesicouterine pouch

yellow body formed from the graafian follicle after ovulation that produces estrogen and progesteron

Corpus luteum

having no menstrual cycle

Amenorhhea

painful menstruation

Dysmenorrhea

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the frowth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary

FSH-follicle stimulating hormone

hormonal substance that stimulates the function of the testes and ovaries

Gonadotropin

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary gland

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulatoin and then induces luteinization of the ruptured follicle to form the corpus luteum

Luteinizing hormone

refers to the onset of menstruation and the commencement of the cyclic mentrual function, usually occurs between 11 and 13 years of age

Menarche

period when menstruation stops

Menopause

periodic flow of blood and cellular dibris that occurs during menstruation

Menses

abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods

Menorrhagia

abnormally light menstrual periods

Oligomenorrhea

period before menstruation begins

Premenarche

structure or tissue next to or near another structure

Adenexa

horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior

Coronal plane

inner layer of the usterus

Endometrium

an opening or entrance into a canal or cavity

Introitis

middle layer of the uterus

Myometrium

number of live births

Parity

across or through the labia

Translabial

across or through the perineum

Transperineal

projection like a horn,

Cornu

small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus

Arcuate vessels

inner surface of the cervical os

Internal os

doppler measurement that takes the peak systole minus the peak diastole divided by the peak systole

Pourcelot resistive index

days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle, endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with hypoechoic halo encompassing it creates the 3 line sign

Proliferative phase early

days 10-14 of menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs, endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity

Proliferative phase late

dopple measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean

Pulsatility index

days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior inhancement

Secretory phase

technique that uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity with the instillation of saline solution of contrast medium to fill the endometrial cacity for purpose of demonstrating abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tubes

Sonohysterography

doppler determination of peak systole velocity divided by peak dystole velocity

S/D ratio

hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix, may be broad based of pedunculated

Cervical polyp

obstruction of the cervix

Cervical stenosis

painful menstruation

Dysmenorrhea

portoin of the canal of the uterine cervix that is lined with squamous epithelium

Ectocervix

pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity

Ectopic pregnancy

cysts found in the vagina

Gartners duct cyst

benign cysts within the cervix

Nabothian cysts

most common type of cervical cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma

benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy painful menstrual bleeding

Adenomyosis

scraping with a curet to remove the contents of the uterus

Curettage

irregular acyclic bleeding, abnormal discharge

Metrorrhea

fibroid contained in the myometrium

Intramural fibroid

fibroid displacing or sitorting the endometrial caivty

Submucosal fibroid

fibroid projecting from the surface of the uterus

Subserosal fibroid

malignancy characterized by abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, usually presents with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Endometrial carcinoma

benign condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin

Endometrial hyperplasia

pedunculated or sessile well defined mass attached to the endometrial cavity

Endometrial polyp

condition that occurs when functioning endometrial tissue invades sites outside the uterus

Endometriosis

obstruction of the uterus or vagina characterized by blood

Hematometra

obstruction of the uterus or vagina characterized by fluid

Hydormetra

obstruction of the uterus or vagina characterized by pus

Pyometra

antiextrogen drug used in treating some carcinomas of the breast

Tamoxifen

substance that stimulates the development of male characteristics such as hormones testosterone and androsterone

Androgen

malignant tumor that forms cysts

Cystadenocarcinoma

benign adenoma containing cysts

Cystadenoma

small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen to prevent menses should fertilization occur

Corpus luteum cyst

benign tumor composed of hair, muscle, teeth and fat

Dermoid tumor

benign cyst within the ovary that may occur and disappear on a cyclic basis

Follicular cyst

cyst resulting from the normal function of the ovary

Functional cyst

benign tumor of the ovary associated with ascites and pleural effusion

Meigs syndrome

benign tumor of the ovary that contains thin-walled multilocular cysts

Mucinous cystadenoma

malignant tumor of the ovary with multilocular cysts

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

malignant tumor of the ovary that may spread beyond the ovary and metastasize to another organ vis peritoneal channels

Ovarian carcinoma

partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis

Ovarian torsion

cystic structure that lies adjacent to the ovary

Paraovarian cyst

endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulatoin

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

second most common benign tumor of the ovary, unilocular or multilocular

Serous cystadenoma

most common type of ovarian carcinoma may be bilateral with multilocular cysts

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

multilocular cysts that occur in patients with hyperstimulation

Theca-lutein cyst

organism that causes a great variety of diseases, including genital infections in men and women

Chlamydia trachomatis

localized tumor of endometriosis most frequently found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, rectovaginal septum and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus

Endometrioma

infection within the endometrium of the uterus

Endometritis

fluid within the fallopian tube

Hydrosalpinx

pus within the fallopian tube

Pyosalpinx

infection within the myometrium of the uterus

Myometritis

infection within the ovary

Oophoritis

infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments

Parametritis

infection within the fallopian tubes

Salpingitis

infection that involves the fallopian tube and ovary

Tubal ovarian abcess

technique that follows IVF in which the fertilized ova are injected into the uterus through the cervix

Embryo transfer

zygote intrafallopian transfer, zygotes are placed in the fallopian tubes

ZIFT

Gamete intrafallopian transfer, sperm and eggs are just mixed together before being inserted and, with luck, one of the eggs will become fertilized inside the fallopian tubes

GIFT

invitro fertilization -method of fertilizing the human ova outside the body

IVF

syndrome that present sonographically as enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal acites and pleural effusions, often seen in patients who have undergone ovulation induction following the administration of FSH of GnRH analogue followed by hCG

OHSS-Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

introduction of sperm into the uterus by mechanical or instrumental means rather than by sexual intercourse

Intrauterine insemination

controlled ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate or parenterally administrated gonadotropins

Ovulation induction therapy

paraguard, mirena, copper 7, tatum T, progestart, lippes loop

IUD-types

across or though the vagina

Transvaginal

remove sterile probe cover, wipe transducer clean, wiped clean with a disinfectant and dried with a clean towel, soaked in a disinfectant for 20 min (always were gloves and eye protection)

Probe disinfecting

2 cm cuff that is left after a hysterectony

Vaginal cuff

all inclusive term for all pelvic infections

Pelvic inflammatory disease PID

germ cell tumors derived from primitive germ cells of embryonic gonad, elevated AFP-hCG, 85% solid

Germ cell ovarian cancer

Fibroid that appears as extrauterine masses, attached via a stem like structure

Pedunculated fibroids

uterus turned to the right

Dextroverted/detroflexed

overgrowths of endometrial tissue covered by epithelium

Endometrial polyps

thickening of the myometrium, develops from unopposed estrogen stimulation

Uterine hyperplasia

scraping with a curette to remove the contents of the uterus

D & C

two uterus organs

Didelphys uterus

two horned uterus

Bicornate uterus

having 2 endometrial cavities

Septate uterus

congentital uterine anomaly caused by exposure to DES in utero, no known treatment

T-shaped uterus

1 in 3

% of American couples who are infertile

fimbrae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and interstitial portion

Segments of fallopian tubes

uterus and upper third of the vagina are derived from these embryonic ducts

Mullarien ducts

sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the proliferative phase

Three line sign

outermost layer of the endometrium that is shed during menstruation

Functional layer

inner layer of the endometrium that helps to regenerate the functional layer

Basal layer

the life cycle that will rupture during ovulation and release the ovum and then the phases to follow to support a fertilized egg and start producing a new follicle

Ovarian cycle

is characterised by an expanded fluid filled vaginal cavity with associated distention of the uterine cavity. It may present in infancy with a lower abdominal mass, or be delayed till menarche

Hydrometrocolpos