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Marine Bio-Diversity > Section 4B > Flashcards

Section 4B Flashcards

1
Q

Consolidation

A

aggregation of suspended particles in seawater of bacteria

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2
Q

Lithification

A

conversion of consolidated particles into a solid mad with mineral content

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3
Q

Sedimentation

A

settlement of water particles from suspension in water

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4
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium ion

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5
Q

Nitrogenase

A

enzyme used to fix nitrogen by breaking strong molecular is nitrogen gas; takes place in hetercost

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6
Q

Symbiotic bacteria

A

many bacteria have evolved symbiotic relationships with other marine organisms

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7
Q

endosymbiosis theory

A

body of evidence supporting the idea that some one called organisms have evolved by the incorporation of the other one called organisms of their organelles into host cell (fungi, plant, animals)

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8
Q

Eukarya

A

domain that contains all organisms with eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi)

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9
Q

Phagocytosis

A

a cell engulfs a particle by inwardly folding and separation of the cell membrane to form a vacuole

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10
Q

plastids

A

an organelle in eukaryotic cell derived originally by endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium (e.g. chloroplasts)

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11
Q

Endosymbiont

A

guest organisms or a organelle that lives within a host organism or cell

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12
Q

Hydrogen hypothesis

A

concept on the origin of eukaryotic cells that postulates an endosymbiont relationship between a host archaeologist that needed hydrogen for chemosynthesis and a guest bacterium that released hydrogen and become a mitochondrion

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13
Q

Plastid Endosymbiosis

A

evolutionary process by which a heterotrophic host cell gains the ability to photosynthesize from a photoautotroph guest cell

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14
Q

Deep-sea vent community

A

community of marine organisms that depend upon the specialized environment found at divergence zones in the ocean floor

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15
Q

chemosynthetic bacteria

A

can form organic molecules from inorganic molecules using other chemicals rather than sunlight as a source of energy

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16
Q

heterotrophic bacteria

A

Decomposers; use surrounding organic matter for materials and energy release exoenzymes to digest natural molecules, resistant to decay (cellulose)

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17
Q

Heterocost

A

specialized cell in which conditions favorable for nitrogen fixation are maintain - in cyanobacteria

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18
Q

Bioluminescent Bacteria

A

capable of emitting blue-green or yellow light using chemical energy

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19
Q

Photophores

A

an organ in some organisms that produces bioluminescence; contain cultures of luminescent bacteria

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20
Q

Archea

A

domain that contains archaeons which were formerly considered to be bacteria

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21
Q

Archaeons

A

ability to produce methane, and tolerance of extreme environmental conditions

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22
Q

3 Basic Archaeons

A

methanogens, halobacteria and hyperthermophiles

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23
Q

Methanogen

A

an archaeon that produces methane in its metabolism; are chemosynthetic and use hydrogen for energy (lives in deep sea hydrothermal vents)

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24
Q

Halobacteria

A

an archaeon that require high concentrations of salt where they live

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25
Halophiles
an organism grows and reproduces best in the presence of salt
26
Bacteriorhodopsins
(purple proteins): like, capturing the protein that produces ATP and halobacteria
27
Hyperthermophiles
A microbe that grows in reproduces best at temperatures exceeding 100°C; live in deep sea, hydrothermal, hot events Chemosynthetic, uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce organic compounds
28
Fungi
<1% of known species are marine
29
Mycologist
scientist who studies fungi
30
Mycology
the study of fungi
31
Aspergillosis
a fungi disease caused by genus aspergillus
32
Yeast
one called fungus
33
Fungi
eukaryotes with cell walls of chitin
34
Filamentous fungus
long thread like massed called hypha which produce a tangled mass called mycelium: body of a fungus
35
Budding
asexual reproduction in which two individuals are produced by unequal division of the adult
36
Conidospore
Asexually produced disbursal stage in the lifecycle of a fungus
37
Fruiting body
Sexually reproductive structure of a fungus
38
Ascocarp
fruiting body of an Ascomycote fungus
39
Ascus
One component of an Ascocarp that produces 4 to 8 spores
40
Lichens
mutualistic associations between a fungus and an algae Fungus: ascomycotes, Algae: green algae
41
Stramenopiles
A group of organisms that includes diatoms and have specialized flagella
42
Mastigonemes
hair like filaments that extend from the shaft of some flagella
43
Heterokont
cell bearing both kinds of flagella
44
2 Stramenopiles
ochrophytes & labryrinthomorphs
45
Orchrophytes
Photosynthetic Stramenopiles; store energy as a specialist starch Laminarin: includes diatoms and silicoflagelllates
46
Secondary plastid endosymbiosis
The condition in which an ancestor became host to a red algal cell that became the hosts plastid
47
Diatoms
unicellular algae. one of the most distinctive marine phytoplankton; >45% ocean primary production
48
Frustule
two part cell wall of a diatom
49
Valve
one part of the diatom frustule
50
Centric diatom
has radially symmetrical valves; pelagic
51
Pennants Diatom
has bilaterally symmetrical valves; benthic
52
Locomotion
pennate distoms secrete mucilage through their Raphe: slit along the valve, by which some Pennet diatoms move along surfaces
53
Silicon shell
lack of flagella sinking
54
Strange ties to country sinking
chains, spines, oil droplets
55
Silocoflagallates
planktonic, marine plankton that are both photosynthetic and heterotrophic
56
Labryrinthomorphs
heterotrophic stramenopiles that are decomposers and pathogens
57
Haptophytes
group of eukaryotic microbes that possess a Haptonema: rodlike organelle that projects between the two flagella of haptophytes and is used to capture prey (coccolithophores)
58
Coccolithophores
Photo synthetic haptophytes with the cell surface covered by calcareous scales called coccliths
59
Haptophytes
dominate pelagic, tropic waters consist of calcium carbonate, largest source of chalk on earth
60
Alveolates
Group of microbes with membranous sacs (alveoli) beneath the cell membrane; include dinoflagellates and cilliates
61
Pellicle
complex of alveoli and the cell membrane in alveolates
62
Dinoflagellates
an aveolate with cellulose in its aveoli and with two heterokont flagella for locomotion 90% are marine; planktonic and benthic, some symbiotic, Parisitic, zooxanthelle and bioluminescent
63
Dinosporin
decay resistant chemical cellulose of dinoflagellates
64
Cingulum
horizontal groove in the middle of a dinoflagellate; contains shorter flagellum
65
Sulcus
longitudinal groove on the surface of a dinoflagellate that extends from the cingulum; contains a longer flagellum
66
anthecate
has a few sun layers of cellulose and its aveoli; giving the appearance of having no protective cell covering
67
Thecate
has many layers of cellulose, and it’s Alveoli, giving at the appearance of having a protective sell covering
68
Phagotrophy
Mode of nutrition, by which one organism eats another, either by phagocytosis, or by taking into the mouth

Marine Bio-Diversity (14 decks)

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