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Music IGCSE > Section B > Flashcards

Section B Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Main features of Chinese music (4)

A

Pentatonic scale
Pitch-bending
Ornamentation
Monophonic or heterophonic (if it is)

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2
Q

Main features of African music (7)

A

Emphasis on percussion instruments
Chorus singing
Syncopation
Ostinato
Call and response singing
Parallel harmony
Polyrhythm (mostly in drumming)

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3
Q

Main features of Arabic music (6)

A

Quarter-tones
Ornamentation
Small instrument group
Heterophonic
Short phrases
Melody uses small range of notes

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4
Q

Main features of Indonesian music (Gamalan) (4)

A

Use of metallophones and gongs
Heterophonic
Drums indicating tempo change
Lots of contrasting dynamics/tempo

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5
Q

Main features of Japanese music (7)

A

Heterophonic
Pitch bending
Through composed music
Variety of phrase lengths
Free metre
Small instrument number
Often no drums

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6
Q

Main features of Latin American music (6)

A

Syncopation
Homophonic
Regular phrase lengths
Fast tempo
Repetition
Melodic lines often in parallel 3rds or 6ths

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7
Q

Main features of Indian music (5)

A

Drone
Melody based on raga
Pitch bending
Improvisation
Ornamentation

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8
Q

Dizi

A

Chinese
Side-blown bamboo flute
Melody instrument

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9
Q

Erhu

A

Chinese
Bowed two-stringed vertical fiddle
Tuned a fifth apart

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10
Q

Pipa

A

Chinese
Plucked wooden lute

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11
Q

Sheng

A

Chinese
Blown wind instrument
Reed

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12
Q

Qin/Gu zheng

A

Chinese
Plucked zither

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13
Q

Yan qin

A

Chinese
Hammered zither

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14
Q

Guan

A

Chinese
Double reed wind instrument

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15
Q

Yunluo

A

Chinese
Set of gongs

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16
Q

Suona

A

Chinese
Double reeded horns

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17
Q

Chinese Gong

A

Chinese (obviously)
Big Gong

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18
Q

Djembe

A

African
Goblet drum played with bare hands

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19
Q

Talking drum

A

African
Hourglass shaped played with sticks
Pitch controlled by squeezing

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20
Q

Dundun

A

African
Played horizontally with sticks
Three types with different pitches

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21
Q

Kora

A

African
Plucked long-necked lute

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22
Q

Balafon

A

African
Wooden xylophone

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23
Q

Mbira

A

African
Held in hands and plucked
Metal tines on wooden board

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24
Q

Shekere

A

African
Shaken gourd with beads

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25
Sakara
African Hand-held drum with four sizes
26
Oud
Arabic Plucked/strummed lute-like instrument
27
Arabic violin
Arabic (who would've guessed) Literally just a violin
28
Qanun
Arabic Plucked zither
29
Nay
Arabic Blown flute Also my bestie's nickname <3
30
Riq
Arabic Small tambourine
31
Buzuq
Arabic Plucked metal-stringed lute
32
Rabab (Bowed)
Arabic Bowed string instrument similar to Erhu
33
Rabab (Plucked)
Arabic Plucked lute To quote Mr Goldring, "Yes, there are two types of Rabab. Crazy, I know."
34
Doumbek drum
Arabic Played with fingers Dum: played with right hand, bass Tek: played with right hand, high Ka: same as Tek but played with left hand
35
Maqamat
Arabic scales
36
Iqaat
Arabic rhythmic patterns
37
Ryuteki
Japan Side-blown flute with a medium pitch Sound is more “airy” than the Shakuhachi
38
Hichiriki
Japan Double-reed instrument similar to the oboe
39
Sho
Japan Reed instrument, modelled on the Chinese sheng although smaller in size
40
Biwa
Japan A short-necked fretted lute derived from the pipa Normally accompanies singing Played with a wide wooden plectrum
41
Taiko
Japan Drum lmao
42
Shakuhachi
Japan An end-blown flute (like a recorder) made of bamboo Mellow, full sound
43
Koto
Japan A zither derived from the Chinese zheng Plucked with plectrums worn on fingertips
44
Shamisen
Japan 3 stringed guitar-like instrument Played using a plectrum Used to accompany kabuki theatre
45
Charango
Latin America Small Andean lute
46
Bandoneon
Latin America A type of concertina Squeezing and pressing keys
47
Panpipes
Latin America Group of instruments based on the principle of the closed tube Multiple pipes of gradually increasing length you blow them LoL
48
Guitar
Latin America Yes
49
Violin
Latin America yes
50
Cajon
Latin America It's the box thing where you sit on it and hit it and it imitates drums
51
Rain stick
Latin America stick where when you shake it it makes sounds like a rain lol
52
Saron
Indonesia Metal bars resting on hollowed-out wooden cradles Bars are hit with the mallet Plays the main melody
53
Bonang
Indonesia Two rows of Gongs over a wooden frame Decorates the main tune
54
Gender
Indonesia A metallophone hit with a mallet Decorates tune
55
Gambang
Indonesia A wooden xylophone hit with mallets
56
Gong Ageng
Indonesia A gong played every 8 bars
57
Kempul
Indonesia A set of pitched, hanging, knobbed gongs Made of bronze, wood, and cords
58
Kendhang
Indonesia The larger double headed drum
59
North Indian
Hindustani
60
Other North Indian that sOMEONE DIDN'T TEACH US
Rajasthan
61
Tanpura/tamboura
Indian (H) Drone instrument Long-necked four-stringed lute that is freely strummed
62
Sitar
Indian (H) Plucked with a plectrum (called mizrab) Long neck with curved, movable metal frets
63
Sarod
Indian (H) Broad neck, fretless fingerboard with a metal sheet which player slides their left fingernails on Plucked with a plectrum
64
Sarangi
Indian (H) Unfretted bowed instrument Usually for accompaniment
65
Bansuri
Indian (H) Side-blown wooden flute
66
Tabla
Indian (H) Small right hand drum and big left hand drum
67
Venu
Indian (K) Side-blown flute
68
Veena
Indian (K) Plucked string instrument
69
Indian Violin
Indian (K) Strings tuned in octave pairs Player sits cross-legged on floor and props the instrument between the shoulder and foot
70
Mridangam
Indian (K) Double-headed drum Low, woody tone
71
Ghatam
Indian (K) Literally an upturned clay pot
72
Santur/Santoor
Indian (K) Hammered dulcimer so like a smaller yangqin I guess Plays the melody
73
Harmonium
Indian (K) Keyboard instrument similar to organ Player blows air through reeds
74
Hindustani Melody Instruments (7)
Sitar, sarod, sarangi, bansuri (santoor, veena, violin)
75
Rajasthan Melody Instruments (5)
Kamaicha, Sindhi sarangi, Murli, Shehnai, Algoza
76
Alap
First section of a raag performance Free improvisation with no beat and only a drone
77
Jor
The second section Music speeds up and gets a more steady beat
78
Jhala
Last section (occasionally the third) Music is even faster
79
Bandish (don't know if we need to know this term)
Third section? Song Drums come in, a pre-composed piece is played with added improvisations
80
Gat
Third section Fixed composition elaborated with ornamentations and improvisation Instruments only Drums come in, a pre-composed piece is played with added improvisations
81
Drone
Long sustained note
82
Raga
Set of notes used (don't put scale)
83
Tala/tal
The rhythmic cycle
84
Tintal/teental
Common type of tal (4+4+4+4=16)
85
Rupak
Common type of tal (3+2+2=7)
86
Kamaicha
Indian (R) Hemispherical bowed lute 3 fretted playing strings
87
Sindhi sarangi
Indian (R) Bowed fretted lute Full octave higher than Kamaicha
88
Murli
Indian (R) Double reed gourd flute Shrill, nasal sound
89
Shehnai
Indian (R) Double reed oboe
90
Algoza
Indian (R) Double end-blown wood flute Shorter plays melody, longer plays drone
91
Dholak
Indian (R) Double-headed barrel drum
92
Khadtal
Indian (R) Generic wooden clapper pair
93
Tihai
Rajasthan tal thing Pattern repeated thrice Signal end of section, 1st beat Flourishing end on mudda/gur (first beat of the cycle)
94
Sargam
Names of 7 pitches in Indian scale

Music IGCSE (4 decks)

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