Sedatives and Tranquilizers

Question 1

Acepromazine MOA

Answer 1

D2 antagonist
a1 antagonist

Question 2

Acepromazine Therapeutic Use

Answer 2

antipsychotic
tranquilizer
sedative (good choice for patients with mild/mod CV dx)

Question 3

Acepromazine Adverse Effects

Answer 3

caution in boxers and brachiocephalic dogs

Question 4

Is Acepromazine approved for used in food animals?

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

Promazine MOA

Answer 5

D2 antagonist

Question 6

Promazine Therapeutic Uses

Answer 6

antipsychotic
tranquilizer
sedative

Question 7

Chlorpromazine MOA

Answer 7

D2 antagonism in the CTZ in medulla

Question 8

Chlorpromazine Therapeutic Uses

Answer 8

antiemetic in small animals

Question 9

Chlorpromazine Adverse Effects

Answer 9

not recommended in horses - serve ataxia and altered mentation

Question 10

Azaperone MOA

Answer 10

D2 anatagonist
D2 antagonist
5-GT antagonist
a1 antagonist
H1 antagonist

Question 11

Azaperone Therapeutic Uses

Answer 11

sedative for wildlife/zoo/exotic
anti-anxiety - swine
anesthetic adjunct

Question 12

Azaperone Adverse Effects

Answer 12

extrapyramidal signs
dysphoria
paraphimosis

Question 13

Diazepam MOA

Answer 13

GABA-A agonist

Question 14

Diazepam Therapeutic Uses

Answer 14

anticonvulsant
appetite stimulant in cats
induction agent

Question 15

Diazepam Adverse Effects

Answer 15

pain on administration
hepatic necrosis - cats

Question 16

Midazolam MOA

Answer 16

GABA-A agonist

Question 17

Midazolam Therapeutic Uses

Answer 17

induction of anesthesia

Question 18

Midazolam Adverse Effects

Answer 18

may not produce sedation in horses

Question 19

Is Midazolam approved for use in food procuding animals?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

Lorazepam MOA

Answer 20

GABA-A agonist

Question 21

Lorazepam Therapeutic Uses

Answer 21

epilepsy

Question 22

Lorazepam Adverse Effects

Answer 22

pain on injection

Question 23

Zolazepam MOA

Answer 23

GABA-A agonist

Question 24

Zolazepam Therapeutic Uses

Answer 24

muscle relaxant
anesthesia
combined with tiletamine

Question 25

Flumazenil MOA

Answer 25

benzodiazapine antagonist blocks bzd binding to GABA-A

Question 26

Flumazenil Therapeutic Uses

Answer 26

reverse effects of bzd

Question 27

Flumazenil Adverse Effects

Answer 27

chronic bzd use - can cause seizures extravasation - tissue inflammation + necrosis

Question 28

Flumazenil Metabolism

Answer 28

metabolized in liver excreted in urine

Question 29

examples of sedative a2 agonist oral gels

Answer 29

Sileo - Dexmedetomidine gel (k9) Dormosedan gel - horses

Question 30

a2 agonist Therapeutic Uses

Answer 30

sedation muscle relaxation analgesia anti-hypertensive

Question 31

Dexmedotomidine Gel Therapeutic Use

Answer 31

noise anxiety in dogs, peak onset 30-45 min

Question 32

a2 Agonist Adverse Effects (as a sedative)

Answer 32

dogs: muscle twitching horses: head-bobbing and facial twitching diuresis emetic in cats reflex bradycardia hyperglycemia (horses and cows)

Question 33

a2 agonist Contraindications

Answer 33

do not use in diabetic patients, patients with compromised cardiac functions, or excited animals

Question 34

Exampls of a2 agonists

Answer 34

xylazine detomidine romidine medetomidine dexmedetomidine

Question 35

a2 antagonists Therapeutic Uses

Answer 35

reverse sedation

Question 36

Examples of a2 antagonists

Answer 36

tolazoline yohimbine atipamezole

Question 37

a2 antagonist Adverse Effects

Answer 37

sudden death - cardiovascular collapse seizures