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PAtho > Self Study 1 > Flashcards

Self Study 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the annual incidence of colorectal CA in canada?

A

20800 cases

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2
Q

how many deaths are dt colorectal CA in can

A

8700

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3
Q

what is to be said about colorectal CA rates in can

A

they are decreasing

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4
Q

what is the Et of colorectal CA

A

idiopathic

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5
Q

what is the relationship between colorectal CA and age

A

inc incidence with age, 90% cases occur in pts >50yo

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6
Q

what family hx puts you at inc risk for colorectal CA

A

CA, ulcerative colitis, chrons disease, adenomatous polyps of the colon

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7
Q

what diet mods put you at risk for colorectal CA

A

inc fat and refined sugar intake

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8
Q

why does fat ingestion put you at risk for colorectal CA

A

inc fat -> inc bile sec -> bile may be converted to carcinogens by GI flora

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9
Q

why does sugar ingestion put you at risk for colorectal CA

A

increases prolif of GI flora

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10
Q

what diet mods can prevent colorectal CA

A

fiber intake, vit, A C E intake

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11
Q

why does fibre help prevent colorectal CA

A

inc stool bulk there fore -> dec accum of GI flora

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12
Q

why do vit’s A C and E prevent colorectal CA

A

they are free radical scavengers, dec free radicals in colon

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13
Q

why may aspirin protect the GI from colorectal CA

A

dt its influence in prostaglandin synth which may involve cell signalling that affects tumor growth

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14
Q

what does aspirin inhibt in colorectal CA

A

ez req to create prostaglandins

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15
Q

mnfts of colorectal CA

A

bleeding, change in bowel habits, diarhea, constipation, urgency

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16
Q

stage 1 colorectal CA

A

limited to invasion of mucosa + submucosa of colon

90-100% chance 5yr survival rate

17
Q

stage 2 colorectal CA

A

infiltrates into but not throughout muscularis externa, 5yr survival of 80%

18
Q

stage 3 colorectal CA

A

invasion of serosal layer + regional lymph node involvement, 5yr survival of 30%

19
Q

stage 4 colorectal CA

A

metastic tumors penetrate serosa and adjacent organs

poor prognosis

20
Q

5 screening tests used for colorectal CA

A 
digital rectal exam
FOB
x ray w/ barium enema
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy
21
Q

digital rectal exam in colorectal CA

A

detecting neoplasms in rectum

22
Q

FOB in colorectal CA

A

recomened to have done every 1-2 yrs if >50yo

23
Q

what happens if FOB test is positive in colorectal CA

A

x ray with barium enema for imaging
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy

24
Q

sigmoidoscopy colorectal CA

A

exam of rectum and sigmoid colon with hollow lighted tube. detects 40% of CA and polyps

25
Q

colonoscopy colorectal CA

A

exam of entire bowel. screening, biopsy, polyp removal

26
Q

tx for colorectal CA

A

sx and removal

MAYBE pre op radiation in early cases with inc 5 yr survival rate

PAtho (31 decks)

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