Sensation and Perception 6

Question 1

perceptual set/perceptual expectancy

Answer 1

tendency to perceive things a certain way because their previous experience for expectations influence them
can be good but can also be bad

Question 2

top-down processing

Answer 2

use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into unified whole
form of perceptual expectancy

Question 3

bottom-up processing

Answer 3

analysis of smaller features and building up to a complete perception
no expectancy to help organize perception, more difficult

Question 4

devil’s trident

Answer 4

euro and north am = make it 3d because tech oriented, but impossible
people in less tech oriented cultures = little difficulty seeing or reproducing figure bc see it as 2d

Question 5

extrasensory perception

Answer 5

claim of perception that occurs without use of normal sensory channels such as sight, hearing, touch, taste, or smell
psychics = claim to have abilities

Question 6

parapsychology

Answer 6

rhine
scientific study of ESP, ghosts, and all things that don’t normally fall into realm of ordinary psychology
zener cards with shapes on them, see if psychic can accurately guess shape

Question 7

three abilities psychics supposed to have

Answer 7

telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition

Question 8

telepathy

Answer 8

claimed ability to read another person’s thoughts

mind reading

Question 9

clairvoyance

Answer 9

supposed ability to see things that aren’t actually present

see lost objects or people by touching objects associated with people in question

Question 10

precognition

Answer 10

supposed ability to know something in advance of its occurrence or to predict future event

Question 11

ganzfeld experiment

Answer 11

receiver in room, ping pong ball goggles, earphones w white noise, sender tries to mentally send image, but ESP not proven yet

Question 12

synesthesia

Answer 12

screwed up senses, hear colors, see taste, etc

one theory = coding= brain sends signals to wrong area of brain or cross wiring

Question 13

sensory reduction

Answer 13

filter info, neurons don’t even pass signal song

selective attention = ADHD, brain pays attention to one thing, ignores other things

Question 14

change blindness

Answer 14

don’t see changes in environment

Question 15

hearing extra

Answer 15

aka audition
more hair cells stimulated = louder
have two ears so can hear direction

Question 16

7 primary smells

Answer 16

ethereal, camphoraceous, musky, floral, minty, pungent, putrid

Question 17

smell is different bc

Answer 17

olfactory bulbs not thalamus, right to amygdala
most closely connected to memories and emotions
v good retrieval cue
makes difference on what flavor taste

Question 18

sensation

Answer 18

bottom up processing
raw info
sensory organs
start with sensory info, break things down, sensation first, look at component and raw sensory data

Question 19

perception

Answer 19

top down processing

start with big picture, start with what already know, perception first, use brain to make assumptions from big picture

Question 20

perceptual set

Answer 20

all background/prior experience, influences how view something
expectations, prior knowledge, situation, age, culture, emotion
see what expect to see
everyone has different perceptual set

Question 21

perceptual set goes back to

Answer 21

priming and which schemas are activated

Question 22

top down processing etc

Answer 22

helps make sense of world, speeds up navigation of world
heuristic to process world faster so doesn’t always work
puts you a split second ahead so can navigate world

Question 23

stroop effect

Answer 23

color words in different colors, brain jumps in, top down processing, hard to say correct color
supposed to do bottom up but can’t override it
tug of war between top down and bottom up