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Flashcards in Sense Organs Vocab Deck (45)
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1
Q

accommodation

A

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. The ciliary body adjusts the lens (rounding it) and the pupil constricts. When the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body flattens the lens and the pupil dilates

2
Q

anterior chamber

A

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor

3
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.

4
Q

biconvex

A

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconvex body

5
Q

choroid

A

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

6
Q

ciliary body

A

structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris. It contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor

7
Q

cone

A

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision

8
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

9
Q

cornea

A

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.

10
Q

fovea centralis

A

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region f clearest vision

11
Q

fundus of the eye

A

posterior, inner part of the eye

12
Q

iris

A

pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye. The central opening of the iris is the pupil

13
Q

lens

A

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

14
Q

macula

A

yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision

15
Q

optic chiasm

A

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

16
Q

optic disc

A

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light

17
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)

18
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. It appears dark

19
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina

20
Q

retina

A

light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

21
Q

rod

A

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

22
Q

sclera

A

tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

23
Q

thalamus

A

relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex

24
Q

vitreous humor

A

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball

25
Q

auditory canal

A

channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

26
Q

auditory meatus

A

auditory canal

27
Q

auditory nerve fibers

A

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

28
Q

auditory tube

A

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; Eustachian tube

29
Q

auricle

A

flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear; pinna

30
Q

cerumen

A

waxy substance secreted by the external ear; earwax

31
Q

cochlea

A

snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells

32
Q

endolymph

A

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

33
Q

Eustachian tube

A

auditory tube

34
Q

incus

A

second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil

35
Q

labyrinth

A

maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

36
Q

malleus

A

first ossicle of the middle ear; means hammer

37
Q

organ of Corti

A

sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

38
Q

ossicle

A

small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes

39
Q

oval window

A

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

40
Q

perilymph

A

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

41
Q

pinna

A

auricle; flap of the ear

42
Q

semicircular canals

A

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

43
Q

stapes

A

third ossicle of the middle ear. means stirrup

44
Q

tympanic membrane

A

membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum

45
Q

vestibule

A

central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help maintain equilibrium