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Anatomy > Senses - Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Senses - Chapter 19 Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Another word for sensory information

A

stimuli

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2
Q

sensation refers to as what?

A

conscious awareness to stimuli

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3
Q

What are the 2 classes of receptors?

A

general sense receptors and special sense receptors

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4
Q

What do general sense receptors detect?

A

temperature, pain, youch, stretch, and pressure

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5
Q

What do special sense receptors detect?

A

gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium, and audition

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6
Q

Where are general sense receptors housed?

A

throughout skin and organs

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7
Q

Where are special sense receptors housed?

A

in complex organs in the head

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8
Q

What are the 3 criteria used to describe receptors?

A

stimulus origin, receptor distribution, and modality of stimulus

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9
Q

Area through which the sensitive ends of a receptor cell are distributed is referred to as what?

A

receptive fields

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10
Q

Describe the receptor of smaller receptive fields

A

more sensitive and precise the receptor is to the location and nature of the stimulus

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11
Q

What is gustation?

A

sense of taste

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12
Q

Gustatory cells are known as what?

A

taste buds

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13
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

on the dorsal surface of the tongue in papillae

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14
Q

Elevated epithelial and connective tissues located on the dorsal surface of the tongue are called what?

A

papillae

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae?

A

filiform, fungiform, valiate, and foliate

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16
Q

What are taste buds composed of?

A

numerous cells called gustatory cells, which are enclosed in supporting cells

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17
Q

Each gustatory cell has a dendritic ending called a what?

A

gustatory microvilli or taste hair

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18
Q

Taste hairs are activated by what in the oral cavity?

A

taste molecules

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19
Q

Taste buds from the anterior 2/3 of tongue conduct gustatory information through which cranial nerve?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

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20
Q

Taste buds from the posterior 1/3 of tongue conduct gustatory information through which cranial nerve?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

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21
Q

Olfaction is what?

A

sense of smell

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22
Q

What olfactory epithelium consists of what 3 cell types?

A

olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells

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23
Q

Where are olfactory hairs located?

A

at the apical end of the olfactory receptor cells, are free nerve endings

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24
Q

olfactory bulb neurons project axon bundles called what?

A

olfactory tracts

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25
Where are the photoreceptors for vision located?
inside the eye
26
photoreceptors detect what?
light, color, and movement
27
What does the conjunctiva contain?
goblet cells to lubricate and moisten eyes
28
Conjunctiva is located where?
lines anterior surface of eye and inner surface of eyelid
29
What is the function of eyebrows?
prevent sweat from dripping into the eye
30
What is the function of eyelashes?
prevent large foreign objects from contacting the eyes
31
What are the eyelids (palpebrae)?
moveable anterior [rotective covering of the eye
32
What is the function of tarsal glands (meibomian gland)?
contain sebaceous glands to prevent tear overflow and the eyelids from sticking together
33
Where are the tarsal glands located?
located within both eyelids
34
What is the papillary fissure?
opening between the 2 eyelids
35
What are the medial and lateral commissures?
where eyelids unite at their medial and lateral borders
36
small reddish structure at medial commissure is called what?
lacrimal caruncle
37
What does the lacrimal caruncle contain?
modified sweat glands
38
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
produce, collect, and drain lacrimal fluid (tears) from the eye
39
What is the function of tears?
to lubricate anterior surface of the eye to help prevent bacterial infections
40
Tears contain antibiotic-like enzymes called what?
lysozyme
41
What are the 4 components of the lacrimal apparatus?
- lacrimal caruncle - lacrimal puncta - lacrimal canaliculus - nasolacrimal duct
42
What does the lacrimal caruncle contain?
modified sweat glands
43
What is lacrimal puncta?
small holes in the caruncle
44
What is the function of the lacrimal canaliculus?
drain lacrimal fluid into lacrimal sac
45
What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct?
receive tears from lacrimal sac and drain fluid into nasal cavity
46
What are the 3 principal layers of the eye?
1. fibrous tunic 2. vascular tunic 3. retina
47
What fibrous tunic is composed of what 2 components?
cornea and sclera
48
What are the 3 regions that the vascular tunic is composed of?
- choroid, ciliary body, iris
49
What is the function of the choroid?
maintains vast network of capillaries
50
What is the ciliary body composed of?
ciliary muscles and ciliary processes
51
Suspensory ligaments from ciliary body attach to what structure of the eye?
lens
52
Contraction or relaxation of the ciliary muscles changes the shape of the lens and results in what?
focus of incoming light onto the retina
53
What Iris contains 2 muscles, what are they?
sphincter pupillae muscles and dilator pupillae muscles
54
Sphincter pupillae muscles are controlled by which division of the ANS?
parasympathetic system
55
The sphincter pupillae muscles cause the pupil to do what?
contract
56
Dilator pupillae muscles are controlled by which division of the ANS?
sympathetic system
57
What dilator pupillae muscles cause the pupil to do what?
dilate
58
The retina is composed of what 2 layers?
pigmented layer and neural layer
59
The pigmented layer is attached to what?
the choroid
60
What does the pigmented layer do?
absorb light that passes through the retina and provide photoreceptors with vitamin A
61
What does the neural layer house?
photoreceptors
62
What are the 3 layers of the neural later?
photoreceptor layer, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells
63
Which neural layer is the deepest layer?
photoreceptor layer
64
Which neural layer is the most superficial?
ganglion cell layer
65
The "blind spot" on the retina is what?
optic disc
66
Where is the optic disc located?
where ganglion cell axon exits retina to form optic nerve (CN II) and retinal arteries and veins enter and exit the reina
67
The optic nerves lack what?
photoreceptors
68
The fovea centralis is also known as the what?
central vision
69
The fovea centralis contains what?
highest proportion of cones and almost no rods
70
What is the function of cones?
detect different colors
71
What is the function of rods?
detect lower levels of lights - require less energy
72
Tension of ligaments attached to lens cause the lens to do what?
change shape
73
Where is the anterior cavity located?
between the lens and cornea
74
The anterior cavity is filled with that?
aqueous humor
75
The aqueous humor drains into space called the what?
scleral venous sinus
76
Where is the posterior cavity located?
posterior to lens and anterior to retina
77
What posterior cavity is filled with what?
vitreous humor
78
The organs of equilibrium and hearing are contained where?
the ear
79
What are the 3 anatomical regions of the ear?
external, middle, and inner ear
80
The skin-covered, funnel-shaped, elastic cartilage structure in the inner ear is called the what?
auricle
81
The auricle leads to a bony tube called the what?
external acoustic meatus
82
What is another name for the tympanic membrane?
eardrum
83
What is cerumen?
wax-like secretion from the glands in external acoustic meatus
84
What does the middle ear contain?
opening to the auditory tube
85
What are the names of the 3 auditory ossicles?
Malleus (hammer), Incus (Anvil), Stapes (Stirrup)
86
Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?
malleus
87
Where is the inner ear located?
spaces within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
88
what is the bony labyrinth?
space in the inner ear
89
The fluid-filled tubes in the bony labyrinth are called the what?
membraneous labyrinth
90
What is housed in the membraneous labyrinth?
receptors for equilibrium
91
What is the perilymph?
the space between the walls of the bony labyrinth and is filled with fluid similar to CSF
92
The fluid that fills the membraneous labyrinth is called what?
endolymph
93
What are the 3 regions of the bony labyrinth?
vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea
94
The vestibular complex is composed of which 2 canals?
vestibule and semicircular canal
95
What are the 2 sac-like membraneous labyrinth parts of the vestibule?
the utricle and saccule
96
Membranous labyrinth within the semicurcular canal
semicircular ducts
97
The cochlea houses a membraneous labyrinth called the what?
cochlear duct
98
The maculae structure is located where?
along the internal walls of the utricle and saccule
99
On the apical surface of the maculae structure, the stiff microvilli are called?
sternocilia
100
What is the long cilium on the apical sure of the maculae structure called?
kinocilium
101
What is the position of the kinocilium and sternocilia when it translates electrical activity to the brain?
bent position

Anatomy (15 decks)

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