session 2 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
aden/o-
A
gland
2
Q
adip/o-
A
fat
3
Q
anter/o-
A
before; front
4
Q
caud/o-
A
lower part of body; tail
5
Q
cephal/o-
A
head
6
Q
cyt/o- or -cyte
A
cell
7
Q
end- or endo-
A
in; within; inside
8
Q
exo-
A
out of; outside; away from
9
Q
hist/o- or histi/o-
A
tissue
10
Q
-ologist
A
specialist
11
Q
-ology
A
the science or study of
12
Q
path/o- or -pathy
A
disease; suffering; feeling; emotion
13
Q
plasi/i- or plas/o- or -plasia
A
development; growth; formation
14
Q
poster/o-
A
behind; toward the back
15
Q
-stasis or -static
A
control; maintenance of a constant level
16
Q
abdominal cavity
A
(ab-DOM-ih-nal)
- contains primarily the major organs of digestion. This cavity is frequently referred to simply as the abdomen
17
Q
adenectomy
A
(ad-eh-NECK-toh-mee)
- the surgical removal of a gland
18
Q
adenocarcinoma
A
(ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-NOH-mah)
- a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
19
Q
adenoma
A
(ad-eh-NOH-mah)
- a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
20
Q
adenomalacia
A
(ad-eh-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)
- the abnormal softening of a gland
21
Q
adenosclerosis
A
(ad-eh-noh-skleh-ROH-sis)
- the abnormal hardening of a gland
22
Q
anaplasia
A
(an-ah-PLAY-zee-ah)
- a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
- the abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers
23
Q
anatomy
A
(ah-NAT-oh-mee)
- Study of the structures of the body
24
Q
anomaly
A
(ah-NOM-ah-lee)
- a deviation from what is regarded as normal
25
anterior
(an-TEER-ee-or)
- situated in the front
- front or forward part of an organ
-ex: stomach is located anterior to the pancreas
26
aplasia
(ah-PLAY-zee-ah)
- the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
27
blood-borne transmission
- is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
- Ex: HIV, Hep B, and most STDs
28
caudal
(KAW-dal)
- toward the lower part of the body
29
cephalic
(seh-FAL-ick)
- toward the head
30
chromosomes
(KROH-moh-sohmes)
- the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
31
communicable disease
(kuh-MEW-nih-kuh-bul)
- contagious disease
- any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
- communicable: means capable of being transmitted
32
congenital disorder
(kon-JEN-ih-tahl)
- an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
33
cytoplasm
(SIGH-toh-plazm)
- the material within the cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus
34
distal
(DIS-tal)
- situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
35
dorsal
(DOR-sal)
- refers to the back of the organ or body
36
dysplasia
(dis-PLAY-see-ah)
- the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
37
endemic
(en-DEM-ick)
- refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
38
endocrine glands
(EN-doh-krin)
- produce hormones, do not have ducts
- the hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream, and are then transported to organs and structures throughout the body
39
epidemic
(ep-ih-DEM-ick)
- a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
40
epigastric region
(ep-ih-GAS-trick)
- located above the stomach
41
etiology
(ee-tee-OL-oh-jee)
- the study of the causes of diseases
42
exocrine glands
(ECK-soh-krin)
- secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands
43
functional disorder
- produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
44
genetic disorder
- hereditary disorder
- a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
- ex: Cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, hemophilia, huntington's disease, muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, tay-sach's
45
geriatrician
(jer-ee-ah-TRISH-un)
- a physician who specializes in the care of older people
46
hemophilia
(hee-moh-FILL-ee-ah)
- a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.
47
histology
(hiss-TOL-oh-jee)
- the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
- histologist
48
homeostasis
(hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis)
- the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
49
hyperplasia
(high-per-PLAY-zee-ah)
- the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
50
hypertrophy
(high-PER-troh-fee)
- a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues
51
hypogastric region
(high-poh-GAS-trick)
- is located below the stomach
52
hypoplasia
(high-poh-PLAY-zee-ah)
- the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
53
iatrogenic illiness
(eye-at-roh-JEN-ick)
- an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
54
idiopathic disorder
(id-ee-oh-PATH-ick)
- an illness without known cause
55
infectious disease
(in-FECK-shus)
- an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
56
inguinal
(ING-gwih-nal)
- means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
57
medial
(MEE-dee-al)
- direction toward, or nearer, the midline
- ex: distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow
58
mesentery
(MESS-en-terr-ee)
- a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
59
mid-sagittal plane
(mid-SADJ-ih-tal)
- midline
- The sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL left and right halves
60
nosocomial infection
(nos-oh-KOH-mee-al)
- a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
- ex: MRSA
61
pandemic
(pan-DEM-ick)
- refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
62
pelvic cavity
(PEL-vick)
- is the space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
63
peritoneum
(pehr-ih-toh-NEE-um)
- a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
64
peritonitis
(pehr-ih-toh-NIGH-tis)
- is inflammation of the peritoneum
65
phenylketonuria
(fen-il-kee-toh-NEW-ree-ah)
- A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, is missing.
- This is commonly known as PKU
- PKU can be detected by a blood test performed on infants at birth. With careful dietary supervision, children born with PKU can lead normal lives. Without early detection and treatment, PKU causes severe mental retardation
66
physiology
(fiz-ee-OL-oh-jee)
- The study of the functions of the structures of the body
67
posterior
(pos-TEER-ee-or)
- situated in the back
- means the back part of an organ
-ex: pancreas is located posterior to the stomach
68
proximal
(PROCK-sih-mal)
- situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
- ex: the proximal end of the humerus forms part of the shoulder
69
retroperitoneal
(ret-roh-pehr-ih-toh-NEE-al)
- means located behind the peritoneum
- Ex: the location of the kidneys are retroperitoneal with one on each side of the spinal column
70
stem cells
- unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
71
thoracic cavity
(thoh-RAS-ick)
- also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs
- the diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
72
transverse plane
(trans-VERSE)
- a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
73
umbilicus
(um-BILL-ih-kus)
- surrounds the umbilicus (belly button)
74
vector-borne transmission
- the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector
75
ventral
(VEN-tral)
- refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body
76
sagittal plane
(SADJ-ih-tal)
- a vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right portions
77
frontal plane
- a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions
78
superior
- uppermost; above; or toward the head
79
inferior
- lowermost; below; or toward the feet
80
lateral
- the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline
- ex: the lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg
81
parietal peritoneum
- the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
82
visceral peritoneum
- the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
83
retroperitoneal
- means located behind the peritoneum
84
adenosis
(ad-eh-NOH-sis)
- any disease or condition of a gland
85
geriatric
(jer-ee-AT-ricks)
- the study of the medical problems and care of older people
