Session 3 and 4 Flashcards

Question

What are somites? What is the organised degeneration that follows?

Answer 1

``` paraxial mesoderm 31 in total start off with 1st pair at day 20 in occipital region before gastrulation more appear in a craniocaudal sequence 42 to 44 pairs at the end of week 5 some disappear regular block mesoderm cells small cavity ``` ``` organised degeneration: ventral wall sclerotome further organisation of the dorsal portion forms... myotome dermatome ```

Answer 2

``` dermatome - dermis myotome - muscles sclerotome - bones ```

Answer 3

neural tube curl under yolk sac cephalocaudal folding lateral folding see images

Answer 4

``` margins ventral body wall amniotic membrane amniotic sac connecting stalk ```

Answer 5

nervous system segments folded embryo

Answer 6

cell cell adhesion molecules extracellular matrix proteins internal external scaffolding close proximity

Answer 7

lateral surface - 5 basal surface - 5

Answer 8

location? fusion point function? paracellular transport

Answer 9

``` location? pairs formed from? e- cadherin adhesion belt function? ```

Answer 10

``` strongest location? random mechanical stress cytokeratin e- cadherin function? epidermal cells ```

Answer 11

``` location? cardiac and smooth muscle function? Smooth muscle contraction sperm, RBC and motile cells cylinders of proteins connexin switch ```

Answer 12

``` location? extracellular matrix cytokeratin, laminin basal lamina function? ```

Answer 13

similar function actin filaments integrins fibronectin

Answer 14

``` cohesive forces alpha beta dimer extracellular matrix focal adhesion kinase binding capacity eg skin ```

Answer 15

presence of calcium ions in order to function if insufficient Ca inside cell/ outside cell, adhesion molecules can't hold in place

Answer 16

``` definition continuous mucus function? examples ```

Answer 17

``` mucosa muscularis mucosae submucosa muscularis externa serosa ```

Answer 18

epithelium submucosa muscularis externa

Answer 19

rugae 3 layers of smooth muscle in stomach- ME how are rugae held in this position?

Answer 20

jejunum- middle segment of the small intestine plicae circulares at this stage what is the function of these layers/ structures two layers to the ME

Answer 21

``` colon= large intestine MM at this magnification simple columnar epithelium water and electrolytes Lieberkuhn- function? aggregations of lymphoid tissue ```

Answer 22

absorb prevent move epithelial specialisations lamina propria muscularis mucosae muscularis externa

Answer 23

``` structural unit = nephron corpuscle lining square shaped proximal tubes basal lamina ```

Answer 24

ureter and bladder | urothelium

Answer 25

``` fat shock absorber mucus acidic urine protection tight junctions function of transitional epithelium ``` ``` similar squamous ➡️ keratinised squamous mucus glands absorption prevention removal ```

Answer 26

gaseous conducting and respiratory ``` trachaelis muscle hyaline cartilage ring primary similar but cartilage and spiral muscle differences food? mucosa submucosa c shaped hyaline cartilage secretions from epithelium and submucosal glands contain? cilia wave mucociliary escalator ``` flattened specialised epithelium folds in basal lamina at the juntion connective tissue

Answer 27

``` unusually thick lamina propria elastic fibres sugar white patches GOBLET CELL ```

Answer 28

``` similar cartilage no longer present epithelium pseudostratified smooth muscle seromucous glands crescent shaped no outer layer of smooth muscle ```

Session 3 and 4 Flashcards

(52 cards)