Session 5 - The Pelvic Floor Flashcards Preview

Semester 4 - Reproductive System > Session 5 - The Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Flashcards in Session 5 - The Pelvic Floor Deck (20)
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1
Q

What are the two main components of the pelvic floor?

A
Pelvic diaphragm
- The coccygeus and levator ani muscles
Superficial muscles and structures 
- Anterior perineum
- Posterior perineum
2
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A

Supports the pelvic viscera
Exerts a sphincter action on the rectum and vagina and an resist increases in intra-abdominal pressure associated with coughing, defecation and heavy lifting

3
Q

What is the anterior perineum?

A

The urogenital diaphragm fills the gaps of the pubic arch, stretching between the converging ischiopubic rami.

4
Q

What three things is the anterior perineum made up of?

A

Superior fascia
Sphincter urethrae
Inferior or superficial fascia

5
Q

What two structures penetrate the anterior perineum

A

The urethra and the vagina

6
Q

What are the four structures below the perineal membrane in males

A

o Superficial transverse perineal membrane
o Bulbospongiosus muscle
o Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Superficial perineal pouch

7
Q

What is located below the perineal membrane in women?

A

The superficial perineal pouch

8
Q

What is the superfiical perineal pouch?

A

The site of collection of urine if the urethera is ruptured below the perineal membrane

9
Q

What does the posterior pereum form a triangle between?

A

The iscial tuberosities and the coccyx

10
Q

What three structures is the posterior perineum made up of?

A

Anus
Levator ani
Isciorectal fossae

11
Q

What is the ischioectal fossae?

A

A fatty fossa that may become infected, spreading bacteria beghind anus

12
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A pyramidal fibromuscular mass found at the junction between the urogenital and anal triangles

13
Q

What is the perineal body a point of attachment for?

A

o Anal sphincters
o Bulbospongiosus
o Superficial transverse perineal muscles
o Fibres of levator ani

14
Q

What is the function of an epiostomy?

A

Allows the vaginal orifice to expand in a controlled way, rather than rupturing.

15
Q

What are the three mmain effects of childbirht on the pelvic floor?

A

o Stretch of the Pudendal Nerve
 Neuropraxia and muscle weakness
o Stretch and damage of the pelvic floor and perineal muscles
 Muscle weakness
o Stretch / Rupture of ligament supports of muscles
 Ineffective muscle action

16
Q

What are risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction?

A
o	Age
o	Menopause
	Atrophy of tissues after oestrogen withdrawal
o	Obesity
o	Chronic cough
o	Intrinsic connective tissue laxity
	Defined conditions
	Constitutional
17
Q

What is continence surgery?

A

Give increased support to sphincter mechanism and prevents descent of neck of bladder (Tension- free vaginal tape)

18
Q

Give two side effects of continence surgery

A

Voiding difficulty

Overactive bladder disease

19
Q

What is a prolapse procedure?

A

Replace prolapsed organs
Restore connective tissue supports
Maintain function

20
Q

What are three side effects of prolapse procedures?

A

Recurrence
New incontinence
Dyspareunia