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Flashcards in shock turner Deck (40)
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1
Q

what is the difference b/n anaphylactic shock and septic shock?

A

septic shock is due to an actual threat. Anaphylactic shock is due to a perceived threat

2
Q

what kind of hypersensitivity is anaphylactic shock

A

type 1

3
Q

typical symptoms associated with anaphylactic shock

A

difficulty breathing, edema, AMS, arrhythmia, atopic

4
Q

where do b cells learn tolerance?

A

bone marrow

5
Q

what is the difference b/n positive and negative selection

A
\+ = do you recognize self
- = do you recognize self too strongly
6
Q

no thymus is what dieseae

A

di georges

7
Q

where do b and t cells hang out

A

lymph nodes

8
Q

how do t and b cells enter the lymph node

A

HEV

9
Q

how do dendrtic cells enter lymph nodes

A

affarent lymphatic vessels

10
Q

where do b cells go winthing the lymph node

A

germinal center

11
Q

a person is deficinet in germinal centers what could this mean

A

deficient in B cels

12
Q

t cells can only recognize what

A

polypeptides

13
Q

what is the most important antibody in type 1 hypersensitivty

A

IgE

14
Q

what cytokine is needed for class switching from IgM to IgE

A

IL-4

15
Q

What is the very first antibody ever made by a b cell

A

IgM

16
Q

What is the most important cell involved in anaphylactic rxn

A

mast cells

17
Q

What specific subset of t cells is involved in parasites and allergies

A

TH2

18
Q

What are the 3 major cytokines that TH2 secretes

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

19
Q

Where does IgE bind

A

to the FC region on the surface of mast cells and cross links

20
Q

what 2 cytokines increase the production of mucus

A

IL-4, IL-13

21
Q

What enhances mast cell differentiation

A

IL-9

22
Q

can free-floating IgE cause anaphylactic rxn

A

No, only bound

23
Q

what is sensitization

A

the pt has been previously exposed to an allergen so IgE is already bound to the surface of mast cells. So the second exposure will be fast bc cross-linking is fast

24
Q

what signal is needed inside the cell for histamine to be released

A

ITAMs - in models where no itams there is no anaphylactic shock!

25
Q

what do eosinophils release in response to anaphylactic shock

A

major basic protein which damages parasites

26
Q

What is given to pts to help with late-phase hypersensitivity reaction

A

corticosteroids

27
Q

what is given to pts undergoing anaphlactic shock

A

epinephrin

28
Q

is DEsensitization what antibodies will someone begin making

A

they go from IgE (TH2) to IgG (TH1)

29
Q

What are key features of septic shock

A

fever, elevated WBC, elevated neutrophils and band cells, an actual pathogen

30
Q

what is a key superantigen in causing septic shock

A

staph areus , cause nonspecific activating of t cells

31
Q

what is the most important cytokine in septic shock

A

TNF-Alpha and IL-1

32
Q

what cytokine activates macrophages

A

INF-GAMMA

33
Q

What does a cytokine storm refer to

A

Immune system goes into overdrive. TNF-A and NO cause vasodilation these are released by activated endothelial cells

34
Q

is there difficulty breathing in septic shock

A

no

35
Q

what compliment proteins are involved in anaphylactic shock

A

c5a and c3a these help mass cells degranulate

36
Q

what does LPS bind to

A

LBP and it binds to RLR4. This leads to activation of NFkBeta which leads to transcription of cytokines

37
Q

do gram - or gram + grow on mcconkey

A

-

38
Q

MNOP

A

Maconkey, negative, lactOse, pink = ecoli

39
Q

what is the major mediator for anaphylactic shock and what do they release

A

mast cells , release histamine

40
Q

what kind of t cells secrete IL-4

A

th2