what is the difference b/n anaphylactic shock and septic shock?
septic shock is due to an actual threat. Anaphylactic shock is due to a perceived threat
what kind of hypersensitivity is anaphylactic shock
type 1
typical symptoms associated with anaphylactic shock
difficulty breathing, edema, AMS, arrhythmia, atopic
where do b cells learn tolerance?
bone marrow
what is the difference b/n positive and negative selection
\+ = do you recognize self - = do you recognize self too strongly
no thymus is what dieseae
di georges
where do b and t cells hang out
lymph nodes
how do t and b cells enter the lymph node
HEV
how do dendrtic cells enter lymph nodes
affarent lymphatic vessels
where do b cells go winthing the lymph node
germinal center
a person is deficinet in germinal centers what could this mean
deficient in B cels
t cells can only recognize what
polypeptides
what is the most important antibody in type 1 hypersensitivty
IgE
what cytokine is needed for class switching from IgM to IgE
IL-4
What is the very first antibody ever made by a b cell
IgM
What is the most important cell involved in anaphylactic rxn
mast cells
What specific subset of t cells is involved in parasites and allergies
TH2
What are the 3 major cytokines that TH2 secretes
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Where does IgE bind
to the FC region on the surface of mast cells and cross links
what 2 cytokines increase the production of mucus
IL-4, IL-13
What enhances mast cell differentiation
IL-9
can free-floating IgE cause anaphylactic rxn
No, only bound
what is sensitization
the pt has been previously exposed to an allergen so IgE is already bound to the surface of mast cells. So the second exposure will be fast bc cross-linking is fast
what signal is needed inside the cell for histamine to be released
ITAMs - in models where no itams there is no anaphylactic shock!
what do eosinophils release in response to anaphylactic shock
major basic protein which damages parasites
What is given to pts to help with late-phase hypersensitivity reaction
corticosteroids
what is given to pts undergoing anaphlactic shock
epinephrin
is DEsensitization what antibodies will someone begin making
they go from IgE (TH2) to IgG (TH1)
What are key features of septic shock
fever, elevated WBC, elevated neutrophils and band cells, an actual pathogen
what is a key superantigen in causing septic shock
staph areus , cause nonspecific activating of t cells
what is the most important cytokine in septic shock
TNF-Alpha and IL-1
what cytokine activates macrophages
INF-GAMMA
What does a cytokine storm refer to
Immune system goes into overdrive. TNF-A and NO cause vasodilation these are released by activated endothelial cells
is there difficulty breathing in septic shock
no
what compliment proteins are involved in anaphylactic shock
c5a and c3a these help mass cells degranulate
what does LPS bind to
LBP and it binds to RLR4. This leads to activation of NFkBeta which leads to transcription of cytokines
do gram - or gram + grow on mcconkey
-
MNOP
Maconkey, negative, lactOse, pink = ecoli
what is the major mediator for anaphylactic shock and what do they release
mast cells , release histamine
what kind of t cells secrete IL-4
th2