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MSK > Shoulder Anatomy > Flashcards

Shoulder Anatomy Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what is the shoulder?

A
  • ball and socket joint that moves in all 3 planes

- most mobile and least stable joint

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2
Q

the shoulder is made up of 3 bones, what are they?

A
  1. scapula
  2. humerus
  3. clavicle
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3
Q

what is the scapula?

A
  • large flat bone
  • sits between the humerus and clavicle
  • responsible for stabilizing the upper arm bone
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4
Q

what is the humerus?

A
  • bone of upper arm

- top of humerus is rounded and fits into the shallow socket of the scapula

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5
Q

the top of the humerus is rounded and fits into the shallow socket of the scapula, this is called the?

A

genoid cavity

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6
Q

what is the clavicle?

A
  • long, thin bone located between the shoulder and top of the ribcage
  • helps support and keep the arm in place when away from the body
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7
Q

what is the glenoid labrum?

A
  • fibrocartilage ring attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa, which deepens the cavity
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8
Q

function of the glenoid labrum?

A
  • keep the head of the humerus in place

- ensure smooth movement of the ball-and- socket joint

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9
Q

scapula land mark?

A
  • glenoid labrum
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10
Q

surgical neck of the humerus?

A
  • where the head meets the body
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11
Q

anatomical neck of the humerus?

A
  • where the head meets the tubercles
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12
Q

what is the greater tubercle/tuberosity?

A
  • large projection lateral to the head
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13
Q

what muscles attach to the greater tubercle? (3)

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
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14
Q

what is the lesser tubercle?

A
  • smaller projection on the anterior surface
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15
Q

what muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle?

A
  • subscapularis
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16
Q

what is the deltoid tuberosity?

A
  • lateral side
  • near midpint
  • deltoid attaches here
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17
Q

what is the bicipital groove?

  • location
  • what does it contain
A
  • groove between the tubercles

- contains the long head of the biceps tendon

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18
Q

what is the subacromial space?

A
  • space bewteen the head of the humerus and acromion process of the scapula where soft tissues of the shoulder can be compressed
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19
Q

what 4 things are in the subacromial space?

A
  • supraspinatus tendon
  • long head biceps tendon
  • subacromial bursa
  • superior border of capsule
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20
Q

biceps bracii: origin, insertion, and action?

A

origin: scapula
insertion: radius

Action: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

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20
Q

biceps bracii: origin, insertion, and action?

A

origin: scapula
insertion: radius

Action: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

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21
Q

tricep brachii: orgin, action, and insertion?

A

origin: scapula and humerus
action: elbow extension and shoulder extension
insertion: ulna

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22
Q

anterior deltoid origin, insertion, action?

A

origin: front and top of lateral 3rd of clavicle
insertion: deltoid tuberosity on outer surface of humeral shaft
action: forward flexes and internally rotates humerus

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23
Q

lateral deltoid: origin, insertion, action?

A

O: Lateral border of acromion process of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity on outer surface of humeral shaft

A: abducts humerus following initiation of movement by supraspinatus muscle of rotator cuff

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24
posterior deltoid: origin, insertion, action?
O: spine of scpula I: deltoid tuberosity on outer surface of humeral shaft A: extends and externally rotates humerus
25
what is the pectoralis major? where does it originate? where does it insert?
- chest muscle - originates along the sternum and clavicle - inserts on the humerus
26
function of the pectoralis major? (3)
- adduct - flex - medially rotate the arm
27
what is the trapezius? Where does it originate?
- large, triangular muscle | - starts at base of skull, runs out to tip of shoulder and down to the 12th thoracic vertebrae
28
function of trapezius?
- shrug and square shoulders
29
whats are rhomboids?
0 group of 2 muscles that run diagonally from the spine to the medial border of the scapula
30
rhomboids function?
- retract the scapula
31
what is the latissimus dorsi?
- "lats" - gives wing like apperance to sides - starts along the thoracic vertebrae of back and inserts on the anterior aspect of humerus
32
function of latissimus dorsi? (3)
- extend - addect - medially rotate arm
33
whats the teres major?
- little helper of lats | - runs from axillary boarder of the scapula to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
34
Coracobrachialis location?
attaches to the coracoid process and the arm or brachium
35
Coracobrachialis function?
- stabalizes humerus in the fossa
36
what is the most frequently injured group of muscles and tendons within the shoulder?
- rotator cuff
37
where does the rotator cuff originate?
- at the scapula and attaches to the head of the humerus
38
rotator cuff function?
- stabilizes the glenohumeral joint by hugging the rounded humeral head to the concave glenoid cavity
39
the roator cuff consists of how may muscles?
4 muscles and their tendons
40
The four rotator cuff muscles cover what?
the humeral head and hold the head against the glenoid fossa
41
what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
1. supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. teres minor 4. subscapularis
42
what is the supraspinatus muscle? location and function?
- anterior superior shoulder - superior to the spine of the scapula function: abduction
43
infraspinatus location and function?
- posterior inferior shoulder - inferior to the spine of the scapula function: external rotation
44
teres minor location and function?
- posterior shoulder | function: adduction
45
subscapularic location and function?
- anterior shoulder | function: internal rotation
46
glenohumeral joint? - static stabilizers - dynamic stabilizers
- shallow static stabilizers: glenohumeral ligaments, glenoid lebrum, and capsule dynamic stabilizers: rotaor cuff muscles
47
scapular stabilizers? (4)
- trapezius - leavator scapulae - serratus anterior - rhomboids
48
3 ligaments of the shoulder?
1. glenohumeral lig. 2. coracohumeral lig. 3. transverse humeral lig.
49
Glenohumeral ligaments function ?
- 3 ligemets that reunforce the front of the shoulder's henohumeral joint
50
glenohumeral ligament location?
- spans from the edge of the glenoid cavity to the neck of the humerus
51
coracohumeral ligament function?
- strong and broad banf | - strengthens the upper aspect of the bicep brachii muscle
52
transverse humeral ligament location?
- attaches to 2 different points at the top of the humerus | - creates an arched tunnel for the bicep tendon to pass under
53
what is a bursa?
- small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bone and soft tissue
54
2 primary bursae in the shoulder?
1. subscapular bursa | 2. subacromial bursa
55
subscapular bursa location?
- located between the glenohumeral joint and the subscapularis muscle
56
subacromial bura location?
- located directly under the acromion on top of the scapula
57
subacromial bura function?
- helps rotator cuff funtion | - most susceptible to injury and is often the cause of shoulder impingement
58
functions or articular cartilage in the shoulder?
- allows 2 bones to move or glide against each other | - cushions bones- acts as shock absorber
59
articular cartilage is often thinner in the shoulder than it is in weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips T or F?
True
60
what is osteoarthritis?
- damage and loss of articular cartilage
61
in the shoulder where is osteoarthritis most common?
- glenohumeral joint and scromioclavicular joint are susceptible to this
62
in the shoulder where is osteoarthritis most common?
- glenohumeral joint and scromioclavicular joint are susceptible to this
63
GH movements that sacifices stability for mobility? (6)
``` Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Internal Rotation External Rotation ```
64
primary muscle for abduction?
deltoid
65
primary muscles for adduction? (2)
- pectoralis major | - latissimus dorsi
66
primary muscles for flextion? (2)
- pec major | - anterior fibers of the deltoid
67
primary muscles for extension? (2)
- latissimus dorsi | - teres major
68
primary muscles for internal rotation? (3)
- subscapularis - latissimus dorsi - pec major

MSK (8 decks)

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