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Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapular

A

Glenoid cavity

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2
Q

Where does the scapular articulate with the clavicle

A

At the facet for the clavicle on the acromion (lateral)

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3
Q

What is the name for the fossa on the costal surface of the scapular

A

Subscapular fossa

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4
Q

What is the name for the fossa on the posterior surface of the scapular

A

Infraspinous fossa

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5
Q

What is the proximal attachments of deltoid muscle

A

The deltoid tubercle of scapular spine and the clavicle

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6
Q

State the bones of the shoulder and arm

A

Scapular, clavicle and humerus

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7
Q

What bones does the clavicle articulate with and where

A

Sternum (manubrium) at the sternal facet (articular surface)

Scapular at the acromial facet

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8
Q

Where is the impression for the costoclavicular ligament

A

On the inferior surface of the clavicle, medially

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9
Q

T/F the surgical neck of the humerus is more commonly damaged than the anatomical neck

A

T

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10
Q

State the compartments of the shoulder and arm

A 
Anterior pectoral girdle
Posterior pectoral girdle muscles
Intrinsic shoulder muscles
Anterior compartment of the upper arm
Posterior compartment of the upper arm
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11
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior pectoral girdle muscles

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior (runs b/w anterior and posterior)

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12
Q

Outline the proximal attachments of pec major

A

on the medial 1/3rd of the clavicle, the sternum and costal cartilages

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13
Q

Outline distal attachments of pec major

A

lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus (groove).

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14
Q

Function of pec major

A

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus. Lesser actions on the scapula.

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15
Q

Attachments of the pec minor

A

Proximal: (proximal attachments):
Anterior surfaces of the sternal ends of ribs 3-5.

Distal:Coracoid process of the scapular

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16
Q

Function of pec minor

A

The pectoralis minor depresses the point of the shoulder, drawing the scapula superior, towards the thorax, and throwing its inferior angle posteriorly

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17
Q

Attachments of the subclavius muscle and function

A 
Proximal= 1st rib/costal cartilage 
Distal= clavicle
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18
Q

Attachments of serratus anterior

A

Medial border of the scapular (anterior) to anterior attachments on the ribs

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19
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve arises from the anterior rami of three spinal nerve roots: the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves

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20
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla

A

Pec major and pec minor

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21
Q

What makes up the medial wall of the axilla

A

Serratus anterior/4th rib

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22
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla

A

Scapular, subscapularis, lattisimus dorsi and teres major

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23
Q

What are the posterior pectoral girdle muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator sacpulae and rhomboids

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24
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the trapezius

A

look at the card

Think of it as a chevron, some descending, some ascending and meet on the scapular

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25
State the innervation of the trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
26
Action of the trapezius
LOWER: draw scapula down CENTRAL: retract shoulder UPPER: elevate shoulder and brace shoulder girdle UPPER AND LOWER: together rotate scapula for abduction of the whole upper limb
27
What supplies the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
28
Attachments of the dorsi
netters
29
Action of the lat. dorsi
Extends, adducts and rotates the humerus; pulls the body up to the arms during climbing. Also important in rowing.
30
What muscle is the lat. dorsi anatomically related to
Travels under the inferior border of teres major and twists in on itself, the two muscles insert into the intertubercular groove of the humerus as a tendon
31
Which sports tasks is lat. dorsi involved in
Pulls body up during climbing and important in rowing
32
Which nerve are the rhomboids innervated by
dorsal scpular nerve
33
Attachments of rhomboid minor and major
Minor: nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7 to the medial border of scapular Major: spinous process T2-T5 to medial border of scapular
34
Action of the scapular
Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula.
35
Which muscles are supplied by dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboids and levator scapulae
36
Function of levaor scapulae
Elevates and draws medially and rotates scapula
37
Attachments of levator scapulae
Netters
38
Innervation of levator scapulae
C3, C4 and the dorsal scapular nerve
39
List the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder
Deltoid, teres major and rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis)
40
Which nerve supplies deltoid
Axillary nerve
41
Function of deltoid
Abducts arm
42
Insertions of deltoid
Use imgages and netters
43
T/F deltoid overlies pec major
T
44
Function of rotator cuff
Fix head of humerus in glenoid cavity of the scapula
45
Outline the circle of muscles as if looking at the glenoid process straight on
Useful image on slide 23
46
Supraspinatus function in addition to rotator cuff
Supraspinatus important in initiating abduction of arm for first 15°, then deltoid takes over.
47
Which muscle acts antagonistically to supraspinatus to adduct the arm
Teres major (not rotator cuff) adducts and medially rotates arm.
48
T/f Teres major is not part of rotator cuff
T
49
Attachments of teres major
Inferior angle of scapular and travels with latissimus dorsi and inserts into intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
50
Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
Biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis
51
What is the innervation of each of the following: 1. Biceps brachii, 2. brachialis and 3. coracobrachialis
All supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve.
52
Learn the attachments of all 3
Netters
53
Blood supply to biceps brachii
Brachial artery
54
Which muscles emerge from the coracoid process
1. Pec minor 2. Short head of biceps brachii 3. Coracobracialis muscle
55
Action of coracobrachialis
Flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder
56
Why is the musculocutaneous nerve susceptible to compression
It runs through coracobrachialis
57
Innervation of brachialis
Musculocutaneous and radial nerve (C7)
58
Which musles are contained within the posterior compartment of the arm
Triceps, Anconeus
59
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm
radial nerve (C7+C8)
60
Proximal attachments of heads of triceps
LONG: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula LATERAL: posterior surface of humerus MEDIAL: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
61
What is the distal attachment of triceps
3 heads insert as common tendon into posterior portion of proximal olecranon of ulna
62
Proximal attachment of anconeus
lateral epicondyle of humerus
63
Distal attachment of anconeus
Lateral olecranon of ulna
64
Action of the anconeus
Extension of forearm at elbow and ABDUCTS THE ULNA DURING PRONATION
65
Action of triceps
Extension of forearm at elbow Long head also extends humerus at shoulder
66
What muscle works antagonistically with medial head of triceps
brachialis (which chiefly flexes the elbow)
67
Joints of the shouler and upper arm
``` Pectoral girdle: -Sterno-clavicular joint -Acromio-clavicular joint -Gleno-Humeral joint (Shoulder joint) -Scapulo-thoracic joint (sometimes referred to as a “virtual” or “physiological” joint) Outside pectoral girdle: -Elbow joint ```
68
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint
Joint capsule
69
Why type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
Ball-and-socket joint capsule
70
T/f the glenoid cavity is a shallow joint on the scapula
T
71
How is the glenodi cavity deepened
by a cartilaginous labrum
72
T/f the glenoid fossa provides joint stability to the glenohumeral joint
F: muscles required for joint stability. (eg. Rotator cuff group)
73
What are the functions of rotator cuff
Main function is to hold the humeral head within the glenoid | The rotator cuff depresses the humeral head
74
Which muscles allow the following movements of the humerus at the shoulder joint: 1. Abduction 2. Adduction 3. Flexion 4. Extension 5. Lateral rotaion 6. Medial rotation
1. Deltoid and supraspinus 2. Teres major, pec major, lat. dorsi and long head of triceps 3. Deltoid, coracobracialis, pec major 4. Deltoid, teres major, lat. dorsi, triceps long head 5. Deltoid, infraspinatus, terest minor 6. Deltoid, pec major, lat. dorsi, teres major
75
What are the movements of the scapulo-thoracic joints
Elevation / Depression of the scapula Protraction / Retraction of the scapula Rotation of the scapula
76
What is containted in the axilla
Arteries – axillary artery and its branches Veins – axillary vein and its tributaries Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes (important!) Nerves – the brachial plexus
77
T/f the median nerve lies lateral to the ulnar nerve at the axilla
T
78
Outline the arterial tree of the arm
``` Subclavian artery passes over the first rib to become… Axillary artery at the lower border of teres major becomes the… Brachial artery Gives off a large branch in the arm – profunda brachii Divides as the level of the elbow into… Ulnar and Radial arteries ```
79
Arterial supply to the shoulder joint
Anastamosis between branches of thyrocervical trunk, thoraco-acromial artery, subscpaular artery and posterior and anterior humeral artery
80
Outline the veins of the arm and shoulder
Cephalic vein (superficial) runs up lateral border of arm Basilic vein (superficial) runs up the medial border of arm Basilic veins joins venae comitantes to form the axillary vein in the arm Cephalic vein joins axillary vein in the axilla Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein at the level of the first rib
81
What do the lymphatic vssels run with
Veins
82
Outline important lymph areas
``` Cubital lymph nodes Delto-pectoral lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes – important! Subclavian lymph trunk Long thoracic nerve and thoraco-dorsal nerve! ```
83
State the categorisation f the brachial plexus
``` Roots (from anterior rami) Trunks Divisions Cords Terminal branches (peripheral nerves) ```
84
State the roots making up the brachial plexus
C5-T1
85
How many trunks in brachial plexus
3
86
``` What roots do the following nerves receive innervation from: Axillary nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Ulnar nerve Median nerve Radial nerve ```
``` Axillary nerve (C56) Musculocutaneous nerve (C567) Ulnar nerve (C8T1) Median nerve (C678T1) Radial nerve (C5678T1) ```
87
What attaches at the: infraglenoid tubercle supraglenoid tubercle
infra- long head of the triceps | supra- long head of the biceps

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