Sick Term Infant

Question 1

the neonatal period is between what time frame?

Answer 1

0-27 days

Question 2

what is the best vessel for central access in a newborn?

Answer 2

umbilical vein/artery

Question 3

what position do babies like to take

Answer 3

flexion

Question 4

what is birth asphyxia?

Answer 4

inadequate oxygen supply to the brain after delivery

Question 5

a score of 2 for appearance in an apgar score would be…

Answer 5

no cyanosis

Question 6

a pulse >_ scores 2 on apgar

Answer 6

> 100

Question 7

what kind of grimace/response indicates a score of 2 on apgar?

Answer 7

cries/pulls away when stimulated

Question 8

what activity/muscle tone on apgar scores 2?

Answer 8

flexed arms and legs that resist extension

Question 9

normal newborn HR?

Answer 9

120-140bpm

Question 10

what should be explored in the history when assessing a newborn?

Answer 10

mum’s PMH, pregnancy, drugs, infection risks
baby’s growth, delivery
any resus/anomalies?

Question 11

normal resp rate of a newborn?

Answer 11

40-60

Question 12

normal cap refill for baby?

Answer 12

2-3secs

Question 13

what should BP be in a newborn?

Answer 13

reflects gestation so should be 40 upwards

Question 14

O2 sats are __% on average in newborns

Answer 14

95%

Question 15

what component of ABCDE is usually the problem in newborns?

Answer 15

airway and breathing

Question 16

4 main causes of a sick baby?

Answer 16

pregnancy/birth related
metabolic
congenital
infection

Question 17

necrotising enterocolitis affects term/preterm babies

Answer 17

preterm

Question 18

what commensal is really problematic in preterm babies? when is it most likely to cause issues?

Answer 18

staph epi

when central lines are in

Question 19

most common disease-causing bacteria in newborns?

Answer 19

GABHS
e coli
listeria monocytogenes
staph aureus
staph epi

Question 20

most common disease causing viruses in newborns?

Answer 20

CMV
parvovirus - mum affected?
herpes
enteroviruses

Question 21

what is hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Answer 21

multiorgan damage due to tissue hypoxia

Question 22

respiratory distress, classically with grunting and nasal flaring, within the first six hours of life. There can be mild cyanosis…

Answer 22

transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Question 23

main symptoms of hydrops fetalis

Answer 23

rhesus disease
heart failure
swollen liver
ascites/pulm oedema

Question 24

big/small babies get PPHN

Answer 24

big

Question 25

what congenital heart abnormality can cause absent femoral pulses?

Answer 25

coarctation of the aorta

Question 26

if an NG tube loops back up the mouth and wont go down when you try to insert it could indicate..

Answer 26

tracheooesophageal fistula (always tend to get a tracheal problem with an oesophageal fistula)

Question 27

why do babies have amniotic fluid?

Answer 27

for movement

Question 28

why do SGA babies get hypoglycaemia?

Answer 28

related to reduced reserves of glucose as there is not enough

Question 29

symptoms of hypoglycaemia in babies?

Answer 29

``` jittery sleepy not feeding irritable seizures ```