Sight

Question 1

Non-verbal communication

Answer 1

other ways of communicating like facial expressions and body language

Question 2

Visual light spectrum

Answer 2

the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see

Question 3

What is the stimuli for vision

Answer 3

electromagnetic radiation

Question 4

What is light made of?

Answer 4

photons

Question 5

Iris

Answer 5

adjusts the pupils to let more or less light in (there are muscle who also do this)

Question 6

What is the process of seeing?

Answer 6

1. the iris changes shape to allow the our pupils to let more or less light in.
2. Muscles adjust the shape of the lens.
3. The light gets focus on to the retina
4. Photoreceptors on the retina stimulate the axons of ganglion cells
5. signal travels along the optic nerve and leads to the brain

Question 7

Transduction

Answer 7

the conversion of light into neural impulses

Question 8

Photoreceptors

Answer 8

sensory receptor cells along the retina

Question 9

Rods

Answer 9

a type of photoreceptor that detect light at night and have no colour receptors

Question 10

Cones

Answer 10

A type of photoreceptor that detects light during the day and the night and work in colour.

Question 11

Layers of the retina

Answer 11

Optic nerve axons > ganglion cells > bipolar cells > cones/rods

Question 12

Optic nerve

Answer 12

axons that carry the visual information out of the eye to the brain

Question 13

Optic disc

Answer 13

(blind spot) is the part of the retina without any cones or robs; where the optic nerve connects with the brain

Question 14

Why do we not have a blind spot in our vision?

Answer 14

the brain fills in the gaps

Question 15

Fovea

Answer 15

a region of the retina made up of cones that allows us to see more sharply

Question 16

Sensory adaptation of sight

Answer 16

The dilation and constriction of the pupil changes the amount of light that you can see

Question 17

What senses colour

Answer 17

cones

Question 18

Hue

Answer 18

Colour bases on the wavelength of the light

Question 19

Saturation

Answer 19

Purity/vividness of the colour

Question 20

Brightness

Answer 20

How much light is being reflected (black and white scale)

Question 21

Trichromatic theory

Answer 21

Specialized cones that each detect one of the three main colours and the rest are all mixtures

Question 22

What are the three main colours?

Answer 22

Green, blue, red

Question 23

What are the shortcomings of trichromatic theory

Answer 23

does not explain afterimage

Question 24

Opponent process theory

Answer 24

colours work to inhibit eachother and display their colour.

Question 25

Opponent process theory pairs

Answer 25

red and green, black and white, blue and yellow

Question 26

Negative after-image effect

Answer 26

Seeing the image in its antagonistic colour after you have looked away

Question 27

Two stage model

Answer 27

Stage one: cones respond to the three primary colours Stage two: the signal is processed by the opponent process cells

Question 28

Sight path in brain

Answer 28

superior colliculus > thalamus > contralateral primary visual cortex

Question 29

What psychological group is used to explain vision groupings

Answer 29

gestalt psychology

Question 30

Figure ground

Answer 30

determining what is in the foreground and the background when the image is ambiguous

Question 31

Proximity

Answer 31

visual stimuli closer together must be in the same group

Question 32

Continuity

Answer 32

stimuli along the same plane must be grouped together

Question 33

Closure

Answer 33

tendency to fill in the gaps between lines to make an image

Question 34

Similarity

Answer 34

stimuli that resembles one another are grouped together

Question 35

Retinal disparity

Answer 35

viewing things slightly different out of each eye

Question 36

binocular cues

Answer 36

requiring both eyes

Question 37

monocular cues

Answer 37

requiring one eye

Question 38

Convergence

Answer 38

the inward movement of eyes to look at something close

Question 39

Interposition

Answer 39

when one object blocks part of another from our view, the blocked object looks farther way (monocular)

Question 40

Relative height

Answer 40

seeing objects higher as farther away (monocular)

Question 41

Texture gradient

Answer 41

Seeing details on the surface (monocular)

Question 42

Linear perspective

Answer 42

converging parallel lines (monocular)

Question 43

Light and shadow

Answer 43

Light as a cue to distance (monocular)

Question 44

Clarity or aerial perspective

Answer 44

tendency to see closer objects with more clarity

Question 45

Familiar size

Answer 45

the assumption that things stay the same size

Question 46

Relative size

Answer 46

seeing smaller objects as farther away

Question 47

Motion parallax

Answer 47

the relative movement of objects vs stationary objects

Question 48

monocular goal

Answer 48

to determine distance and depth

Question 49

Perceptual constancies

Answer 49

top-down processing that causes us to believe that things are unchanging despite environmental changes

Question 50

What are the types of perceptual constancies

Answer 50

colour constancy, size constancy, shape constancy

Question 51

What do infants rely on for sight

Answer 51

contrasts

Question 52

when does sight fully develop

Answer 52

8 months

Question 53

Strabismus

Answer 53

misalignment of the eyes and causes blindness in the weaker eye

Question 54

Amblyopia

Answer 54

partial or complete loss of vision due to abnormal brain development.