Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSPC231 > Signals transduction > Flashcards

Signals transduction Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which a cell detects and responds to signals in its environment is called

A

Cell communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A type of cell-cell communication where signals are releasd into the circulatory system to target cells

A

Endocrine signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A type of cell-to-cell communication where a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells.

A

Paracrine signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In this type of signaling, the cell sends signals to itself, releasing a ligand to bind to receptors on its surface

A

Autocrine signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cell communication involves direct contact between cells

A

Juxtacrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What photopigment is responsible for detecting light in the case of the circadian clock

A

Melanopsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A ligand that binds to a receptor and triggers a response is known as

A

An agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which ligand binds to a receptor but blocks the activation of the receptor?

A

An antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A change in the conformation of a receptor caused by the binding of a signaling molecule with the receptor is called

A

Receptor activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which secondary messenger opens calcium channels to transport stored calcium ions?

A

Inositol triphosphate (IP3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four typres of receptor Families

A

Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein coupled receptor
Enzymatic receptors(tyrosine kinase)
Nuclear hormone receptor(gene expression regulating receptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes Cystic Fibrosis

A

Mutation in the CFTR gene, Whichb is a ligand gated chanel chanel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes congenital Lymphatic Displasia

A

Defiency in PIEZO1 a mechanosensitive ion channel protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus

A

Voltage gated ion channel disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The process by which a cell becomes less responsive to a ligand is called

A

Desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Genetic and autoimmune disorders of ion channels are known as

A

Channelopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of ion channel disease is generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+)?

A

Voltage gated ion channels are disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of ion channel disease is cystic fibrosis?

A

Ligand gated ion channel disease is cystic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutation in what gene?

A

CFTR gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of channel disease is congenital lymphatic dysplasia?

A

Mechanosensitive ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Congenital lymphatic dysplasia is caused by a deficiency in what protein?

A

PIEZO1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the three subunits of G-protein couples receptors?

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the main G-protein Targets

A

Adenylyl Cyclase
Ion Channels
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Phospholipase C
RhoA/Rho Kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the other names for a g-protein coupled receptor

A

7-transmembrane receptors
Heptahelical receptor
Serpentine receptors
Metabotropic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What percentage of drugs target G protein coupled diseases
40%
26
Give Examples of GPCR
Beta-adrenergic receptor Prostaglandin Receptors Rhodopsin
27
Which g protein alpha subunit is responsible for activates adenylyl cyclase
Gs alpha protein
28
Protein kinase A is also known as
cAMP-dependent enzyme
29
Why is Protein kinase A also known as cAMP-dependent enzyme?
This is because it gets activated only when cAMP is present
30
Which molecules inhibit cAMP pathway?
cAMP phosphodiesterase Gai protein(A G protein)
31
Which molecules activate cAMP pathway
Epinephrine Caffeine Theophylline
32
Which G protein inhibits Adenylyl Cyclase
Gi protein
33
How does caffeine activate cAMP pathway
Caffeine inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase
34
What are the process in the Phosphotidylinositol(PIP2) pathway
Phospholipase C catalyzes the hydrolysis of Pip2 to IP3 and DAG IP3 acts a secondoray messenger and binds to THe IP3 receptoron mitochondria and ER to open Ca2+
35
What is the function of DAG
It activates protein kinase C
36
What pathway does the release of Ca2+ activate
Calmodulin(CaM) Kinase pathway
37
Which g proteins activate Rho Kinase
G12/G13 G proteins
38
How do the G12/G13 proteins regulate cell processes
The free g-protein alpha subunit interacts with Guanosine nucleotide exchange factor(GEF) that facilitates the GDP-GTP exchange on the gtpase Rho Rho-GDP activated to form Rho-GTP by the exchange goes on to activate Rho kinase
39
An inhibitor of Rho-Kinase
Fasudil
40
What inhibits Rho-GDP from activation
GDI (Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor)
41
What inactivates Rho-GTP
GAP - GTPase activating protein
42
What are the first and second steps in the insulin Pathway
Insulin Binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase This binding phosphorilates the rece[tor which the phosphorylates and binds IRS-1
43
What are the third and fourth steps in the insulin pathway
PI 3Kinase binds to THE IRS-1 bound to the receptor PI 3 Kinase then phosphorylates PIP 2 to form PIP3
44
What are the fifth and sixth steps in the insulin pathway
PDK-1 then binds to PIP3 and activates AKT AKT causes a cascade of events(conerts RAB GDP to GTP) which causes GLUT4 glucose transporters to move to the cell membrane taking in more glucose form blood reducing blood glucose levels
45
What are tyrosine kinases?
Kinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate tyrosine amino acids
46
A cell surface receptor that also has tyrosine kinase activity is called
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ( RTKs)
47
What is the other name for the MAPK/ERK pathway
Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway
48
What is the effect of the MAPK/ERK pathway
The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway leads to cell growth and proliferation
49
What does a mutated Ras protein in the MAPK/ERK pathway causes
It causes repeated proliferation hence forming tumour cells and cancer cells This is because GAP isnt able to deactivate the Ras protein
50
Raf protein is the GTPase in the MAPK/ERK pathway. True or False
False, Ras is the GTPase in the MAPK/ERK pathway
51
Which protein activates Ras
SOS
52
The three components of the JAK-STAT
A receptor Janus kinase family proteins Signal transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)
53
What is the main function of non receptor tyrosine KInase(nRTK)
The main function of nRTKs is their involvement in signal transduction in activated T- and B-cells in the immune system.
54
What receptors are required for nRTKS signaling in T lymphocytes
CD4 and CD8
55
What are the diseases caused by malfunction in JAK/STAT
Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflamnatory Bowel disease- Crohns disease and Ulcerative colitis) Myeloproliferative neoplasms Multiple Myeloma
56
What is myeloproliferative neoplasms?
Blood cancers that occur when the body makes too many white or red blood cells or platelets.
57
What is multiple myeloma?
It is a cancer that forms in a plasma cell causing the plasma cell to produce harmful antibodies that cause complications in the body
58
What downstream targets of Rho kinase are involved in cytoskeletal dynamics?
MLC (Myosin Light Chain), LIM Kinases, ERMs (Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin), Adducin
59
What is the role of MLC in the Rho/ROCK pathway?
Stress fiber assembly and cell contraction
60
How does ROCK regulate nitric oxide production?
By activating eNOS (Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase)
61
Which downstream target of Rho kinase is involved in actin-network assembly?
Adducin
62
What is the function of LIM Kinases in the Rho/ROCK pathway?
Actin-filament stabilization
63
What is the role of ERM proteins in the Rho/ROCK pathway?
Actin-membrane linkage
64
Which downstream target of Rho kinase regulates growth cone collapse?
CRMP2 (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2)
65
Which downstream target of Rho kinase is involved in cardiomyocyte contraction?
Troponin T
66
How does ROCK affect microtubule stabilization?
By acting on Tau protein
67
What is the role of MLCP in the Rho/ROCK pathway?
Regulates contraction by dephosphorylating MLC
68
Give examples of intracellular receptors
Nuclear receptors IP3 receptors found on the endoplasmic reticulum
69
Give examples of hormones that use intracelllular receptors
Thyroid and steroid hormones
70
Where are the two main places integrin signaling exist
Circulating blood vessels Non-circulating blood vessels
71
What is the main difference between integrins of circulating cells and non-circulating cells
Integrins in circulating cells are usually inactive while integrins in non-circulating cells are active
72
what type of receptors play a role in identifying Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)
Toll Gate Receptors
73
What are pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)
Theyre molecules broadly shared by pathogens but distinguishable by the host
74
# In relation to the function of Toll Gate receptors what main general function in the body would they play a key role in
THe immune function of the body
75

MSPC231 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions