Skeletal Flashcards
Axial skeleton
What does it consist of?
The principal supportive structure of the body. Axial skeleton consists of: The skull The vertebral column The sternum The hyoid
Appendicular Skeleton
What does it consist of?
Comprises the bony structures that attach to the axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton consists of: The pectoral (or shoulder) girdles The upper limbs The pelvic girdle The lower limbs
The skull is divided into two parts:
The cranial bones - which form the bony protection for the brain
The facial bones - which form the bony structure of the facial features
What are the 8 cranial bones that form the structure called the cranium?
Frontal bone Parietal bone 2 Occipital bone Temporal bone 2 Ethmoid Sphenoid
The frontal bone meets the parietal bones at what immovable joint?
Coronal suture
The two parietal bones (these form the side and top of the skull) meet at what suture point?
Sagittal suture
Each temporal bone (these lie one on each side of the head, forming immovable joints with parietal, occipital, and sphenoid bones) is divided into four parts, there are?
- Squamous part (flat fan-like)
- Mastoid process (behind the ear,
communicates with the middle ear) - Petrous portion (forms base of skull)
- Zygomatic process ( forms zygomatic arch or cheekbone)
The temporal bone forms a movable joint with ___________? What is it called?
With the mandible bone. This joint is called the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) it is the only movable joint in the skull.
This bone forms the back of the head and part of the base of the skull.
Occipital bone
The occipital bone has immovable joints with which three bones?
Parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones
Between the two articular condyles is a large opening in the occiput through which the spinal cord passes through. What is he name of the opening?
The foramen magnum
The ethmoid and sphenoid is mainly a bone of the ____________ of the skull.
Base of the skull
Name the facial bones
- Maxilla (two fused)
- Mandible
- Zygomatic (2)
- Nasal (2)
- Palatine (two fused)
- Lacrimal (2)
- Vomer
These two bones form the upper jaw, the anterior part of the roof of the mouth, lateral walls of the nasal cavities and part of the floor of the orbital cavities.
Maxillae bones
What is the name of the portion which hold the teeth?
Alveolar ridge
This is the strongest bone in the face and the only movable bone of the skull
The mandible
The mandible has two parts:
The body– containing the alveolar ridge with lower teeth
Ramus– projects from the body forming the angle of the jaw
Each ramus divided into two processes:
The condyloid process forming the temporo-mandibular joint
The coronoid process where muscles attach
The zygomatic articulates with the temporal bone forming…?
The zygomatic arch
The external, bony part of the nose is called?
The nasal bones
These are two L shaped bones
Palatine bones
The smallest of the facial bones, which form part of the eye socket is?
Lacrimal bones
This bone forms the lower part of the bony nasal septum
Vomer bone
How many bones compose the orbit or eye socket ?
Seven
What are hollow cavities within certain bones, which are in communication with the nasal cavities?
The sinuses
What is the main function of sinuses?
To reduce the weight of the skull and they also give resonance to the voice
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?
24 individual irregular bones
The vertebral column is divided into five regions
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
How many cervical vertebrae ( which support the neck)?
Seven
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12
Thoracic vertebrae support?
The chest and articulate with the ribs
How many lumbar vertebrae?
5
What does the lumbar vertebrae supports?
The upper body and lower back