SKELETAL/MUSC/NERV SYSTEM

Question 1

The body framework consists of :

Answer 1

Bone
cartilage
ligaments (strong tissue that hold joints together)
Joints (bone to bone)

Question 2

Functions of the SKELETAL SYSTEM include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Answer 2

Support
Mocvement
Blood cell formation - HEMOPOIESIS
Protection of internal organs
Detoxification (removal of poisons)
Provision for muscle attachment
Mineral storage (calcium and phosphorous)

Question 3

Individual bones are classified by SHAPE.
Name them:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 3

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 4

Describe a long bone:

Answer 4

Irregular epiphysys at each end.
Composed of spongy (cancellous) bone
Shaft or diaphysis- composed of compact bone.

Question 5

Cells that FORM COMPACT BONE are called

Answer 5

Osteoblast.

Question 6

Osteoblast cells that become mature bone cells. And are embedded in the bone matrix are now called

Answer 6

Osteocytes

Question 7

The ____ skeleton consists of the 28 bones of the SKULL.
(Includes auditory ossicles)

14 facial bones and 14 cranial bones .

Answer 7

AXIAL

Question 8

Name the FACIAL BONES (8 main bones)

Answer 8

2 NASAL BONES
2 MAAXILLARY BONES
2 ZYGOMATIC BONES
1 MANDIBLE
2 PALATINE BONES
1 VOMER
2 LACRIMAL BONES
2 INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAES

Question 9

Name the bones of the CRANIUM

Answer 9

1 OCCIPITAL
1 FRONTAL
1 ETHMOID
1 SPHENOID
2 PARIETAL
2 TEMPORAL
OSSICLES OF THE EAR (malleus, incus, & stapes)

Question 10

The AXIAL SKELETON HAS ____ BONES of the vertebral column.

Answer 10

33

Question 11

Name the bones in the vertebral column:

Answer 11

7 cervical vertebrae (spine)
12 thoracic vertebrae (spine)
5 lumbar vertebrae (spine)

5 sacral vertebrae (fused to form the sacrum)
Coccygeal vertebrae (COCCYX- tailbone)

Bones of the Thorax (area of body b/t neck and abdomen- CHEST)
Sternum (T-shaped; Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process)

12 pairs of RIBS

Question 12

The _____ skeleton includes the girdles (lower pelvic & upper shoulder) and the limbs.

Answer 12

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Question 13

Name the bones of the ARM

Answer 13

Humerus
Radius ulna
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (bones of the hand)
Phalanges (bones of the fingers)

Question 14

Coxal bone (pelvic gurdle/ hip bone) is made up of 3 MAIN bones

Answer 14

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 15

Name the leg bones

Answer 15

Femur (thigh bone)
Tibia
fibula

Question 16

Name the Foot bones

Answer 16

Tarsals (ankle bone)
Metatarsals (bone of the foot)
Phalanges (toe (finger) bones)

Question 17

Muscles produce movement by CONTRACTING in response to _____ stimulation.

Answer 17

NERVOUS

Question 18

Muscles contraction results from the sliding together of _____ & _______ fillaments WITHIN the muscle cell or fiber.

Answer 18

Actin (THIN FILAMENT)
&
Myosin (THICK FILAMENT)

Question 19

Each muscle cell consists of MYOFIBRILS (muscle fibers), which in turn are made up of still smaller units called ________

Answer 19

SARCOMERES

Question 20

What 2 things need to be present for a muscle cell to contract?

Answer 20

CALCIUM & ADENOSINE TRIPHOPHATE (ATP)

Question 21

Muscles under CONSCIOUS CONTROL

Answer 21

Voluntary muscles (skeletal muscles)

Question 22

Skeletal muscles must work in _____

Answer 22

Pairs

Question 23

1. Muscle that executes a given movement (contracts) is the _______
2. Muscle that is relaxed (does opposite) is the ____

Answer 23

1. Prime mover (AGONIST)
2. Antagonist

Question 24

A MUSCLE that BENDS a joint is called a
(They reduce the angle)

Answer 24

Flexor

Question 25

A MUSCLE that straightens a joint is called an (They increase the angle)

Answer 25

EXTENSOR.

Question 26

_____ draws a limb AWAY from the midline

Answer 26

ABductors

Question 27

_____ return the limb BACK toward the body (midline)

Answer 27

ADductor

Question 28

What makes up the NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Answer 28

BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND NERVES

Question 29

Nerve impulses to muscles cause _____

Answer 29

Contractions.

Question 30

Name the ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Answer 30

Pituitary gland Pineal gland Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries/placenta Testes

Question 31

The glands that make up the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM produce chemical messengers called _________ that travel THROUGH the BLOOD to other parts of the body.

Answer 31

HORMONES.

Question 32

The endocrine and _______ systems work closely together, CORRELATING and integrating body functions such as DIGESTION AND REPRODUCTION

Answer 32

NERVOUS

Question 33

What part of the brain CONTROLS the endocrine system? It regulates the activity of the glands.

Answer 33

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 34

Nerve cells are known as ______ and are the functional units of the NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 34

NEURONS

Question 35

Name the MAIN PARTS of A NEURON:

Answer 35

Cell body Axon Dendrites

Question 36

______ receive imput from many other neurons and carry those signals (impulses) toward the cell body

Answer 36

Dendrites

Question 37

_____ transmit the impulse AWAY from the NEURONS cell body.

Answer 37

AXONS

Question 38

NERVOUS system is divided into 2 parts

Answer 38

CNS central nervous systems PNS peripheral nervous system

Question 39

______ nervous system consists of ALL THE NERVES that transmit information to and from the CNS.

Answer 39

PNS

Question 40

Sensory _______ neurons transmit nerve impulses TOWARD the CNS

Answer 40

AFFERENT A FOR “ARRIVED” Skin sensory arrives to the Spinal cord (CNS)

Question 41

WHAT MAKES UP THE CNS?

Answer 41

BRAIN AND SPINal Cord

Question 42

WHAT MAKES UP THE PNS?

Answer 42

THE NERves THAT BRANCH OUT FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD. NERVES CONNECT BRAIN, SPINAL CORD TO THE REST OF THE BODY.

Question 43

Motor _____ neurons transmit nerve impulses AWAY from the CNSto ward the effector organs such as MUSCLES, GLANDS, AND DIGESTIVE ORGANS.

Answer 43

EFFERENT E FOR “EXIT” THE CNS.

Question 44

MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN

Answer 44

CEREBRUM (major part of the brain) CEREBELLUM (smallest part of brain. Located bottom of cerebrum) MEDULLA OBLONGATA (brain stem)

Question 45

Part of the brain associated with MOVEMENT and SENSORY input

Answer 45

CEREBRUM

Question 46

Part of the brain responsible for muscular COORDINATION

Answer 46

CEREBELLUM

Question 47

Part of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiratory and heart rate.

Answer 47

Medulla oblongata ( or Medulla - long stem-like structure makes up the lower part of the brains stem. Connection b/t the brainstem and the spinal cord)

Question 48

______ pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord

Answer 48

31

Question 49

Simple ___ reflexes are those in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and DO NOT reach the brain.

Answer 49

SPINAL

Question 50

What are the 5 stages of fracture bone healing?

Answer 50

Haematoma, inflammation, proliferation, callus formation, and remodelling.

Question 51

Difference bt OSTEOBLAST and OSTEOCLAST.

Answer 51

Osteoblast: responsible for NEW BONE FORMATION Osteoclast: responsible for AGED BONE RESORPTION.