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MCQ 1.2 > Skeletal Muscle Function > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 aspects of skeletal muscle

A

Striated or visibly layered
Voluntary
Very fast to medium contraction speed
Causes physical movement or locomotion
Main muscle groups of the body

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2
Q

What does skeletal muscle move

A

Bones by operating as levers with muscle pairs

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3
Q

How much body mass is skeletal muscle

A

40%

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4
Q

What happens during contraction

A

All muscle types use ATP for energy and change Ca 2+ concentration stimulus to contact

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5
Q

What does Ca 2+ bind to

A

Troponin and causes conformational changes which exposes the myosin binding sites of actin (thin) allowing the myosin heads (thick) to bind, pulling the thick filament over the thin

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6
Q

What are the 4 steps during skeletal muscle function

A

Myosin cross bridge attaches to the actin myofilament
Working stroke - the myosin head pivots and bends as it pulls on the actin filament sliding it towards the M line
As new ATP attaches to the myosin head the cross bridge detaches
As ATP is split into ADP and Pi cocking of the myosin head occurs

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7
Q

What does ATP do during skeletal muscle function

A

Energising the power stroke on myosin cross bridge
Returning of myosin head to the resting position
Active transport of Ca 2+ into SR

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8
Q

What are the sensory receptors in skeletal muscle reflexes

A

Proprioceptors in skeletal muscle, joints and ligaments
Role is monitoring the position of our limbs in space and our movements

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9
Q

What do sensory neurons do in skeletal muscle reflexes

A

Carry the signal from proprioceptors to CNS

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10
Q

What does the CNS do during skeletal muscle reflexes

A

Spinal cord or cerebral cortex integrates signals

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11
Q

What does the somatic motor neurons do during skeletal muscle reflexes

A

Carry the output signal
Motor neurons that innervate contractile extrafusal fibres are called a motor neurons

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12
Q

What do effectors do during skeletal muscle reflexes

A

Are contractile elements called extrafusal fibres

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13
Q

What are the 5 stages in skeletal muscle reflexes

A

Sensory receptors
Sensory neurons
The CNS
Somatic motor neurons
Effectors

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14
Q

What are 4 constituents of proprioceptors

A

Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Joints
Skin sensors

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle fibres

A

Intrafusal
Extrafusal

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16
Q

What does extrafusal generate

A

The force for contraction

17
Q

What does intrafusal do

A

Are sensory and monitor changes in muscle length they can contract but don’t contribute much to force of contraction

18
Q

What do muscle spindles contain

A

Intrafusal fibres

19
Q

What are intrafusal fibres surrounded by

A

Extrafusal (contractile fibres)

20
Q

Where are the Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) located

A

At the junction between skeletal muscle and a tendon (tendons tether muscles to bones) and respond to muscle tension

21
Q

What are Golgi tendon organs made of

A

Connective tissue capsule filled with collagen fibres interwoven with sensory nerve endings

22
Q

What happens to the Golgi tendon organs during muscle contraction

A

Collagen fibres are pulled tight compressing nerve endings, opening mechanosensitive channels and increasing firing rates of inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord

23
Q

What are 4 autonomic reflex control muscle movements

A

Stretch reflex - myotatic or deep tendon reflex
Golgi tendon reflex - inverse myotatic
Flexion reflex - withdrawal
Flexion and crossed extension reflex

24
Q

What does the stretch reflex prevent

A

Inappropriate changes in muscle length, maintaining posture

25
Q

Which organ helps with muscle contraction

A

Muscle spindle is stretched

26
Q

Which organs helps with muscle relaxation

A

GTO in contracting muscle

27
Q

What does the Flexion reflex do

A

Pulls limbs away from painful stimuli
Nociceptors send signal to spinal cord
A motor neurons cause contraction of flexors
Antagonistic muscle is inhibited and relaxes
Resulting in Flexion of the limb and withdrawal form stimulus = reciprocal inhibition

28
Q

What does postural reflex do

A

Maintain balance

29
Q

What happens when the left leg is braced and extended

A

Flexors relax and extensors contract

30
Q

What are a - alpha nerve fibres carried by

A

Proprioception

31
Q

What are a - beta nerve fibres carried by

A

Touch

32
Q

What are a - delta nerve fibres carried for

A

Pain mechanical and thermal

33
Q

What are C nerve fibres carried for

A

Pain mechanical, thermal and chemical

34
Q

Which nerve fibre type is non myelinated

A

C fibres

35
Q

Which cranial nerve if damaged will alter gag and swallowing reflexes

A

Glossopharyngeal

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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