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A&P 1 - Muscles > Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Four common characteristics of muscle cells

A

o Excitability
 Respond to a stimulus such as nerve impulses

o Contractibility
 Shorted in length when stimulated

o Extensibility
 Stretch when pulled

o Elasticity
 Return to their original shape and length after contraction or extension

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2
Q

Three primary functions of muscles

A

o Provide motion
o Maintain posture
o Generate heat

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3
Q

Three types of muscles

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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4
Q

Which type of muscle:

 Controlled by conscious mind
 Moves the bones of the skeleton
 Nervous system gives orders and muscular system carries out the order

A

Skeletal

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5
Q

Which type of muscle:

 Found only in the heart
 Control center is “built in” and doesn’t need the nervous system to give orders

A

Cardiac

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6
Q

Which type of muscle:

 Found all over the body
 Carries out most of the unconscious, internal movements that they body needs to maintain itself in good working order.
 Control center is “built in” and doesn’t need the nervous system to give orders

A

Smooth

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7
Q

voluntary striated muscle

A

Skeletal muscles

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8
Q

 Fibrous connective sheath that surrounds the muscle

A

Epimysium

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9
Q

 Thick central portion of the muscle

A

Belly

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10
Q

 Connect muscle to bone
 Fibrous connective tissue bands

A

Tendons

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11
Q

 Alternative to tendons, to attach muscle to bone
 Broad band of fibrous connective tissue

A

o Aponeuroses

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12
Q

o Most prominent aponeuroses
 Runs lengthwise down the ventral midline (belly where abs would connect)

A

Linea alba

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13
Q

 Attachment site is more stable, moves less when muscles contract

A

Origin of muscle

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14
Q

 Attachment site undergoes most of the movement when muscles contract

A

Insertion of muscle

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15
Q

What are the three steps of muscle contraction?

A

Nerve impulses stimulate muscle >

muscle contracts (shortens) >

By pulling on attachment sites (origin and insertion), contraction of the muscle produces movement of bone and other structures.

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16
Q

Skeletal muscles rarely act ______

A

alone

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17
Q

Skeletal muscles usually work in ______ with certain muscles producing most of the ________ while other muscles _______ nearby joints and provide _______ over body movements

A

groups
desired movement
stabilize
smooth control

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18
Q

Muscle role:

Muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement

A

Agonist (prime mover)

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19
Q

Muscle role:

Muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of the agonist

A

Antagonist

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20
Q

Muscle role:

Through partial contractions, can help smooth out the movements of agonist

A

Antagonist

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21
Q

Muscle role:

Can contract forcefully at the same time as the agonist, resulting in rigidity and lack of motion

A

Antagonist

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22
Q

Muscle role:

Skeletal muscle that contracts at the same time as an agonist and assists it in carrying out its action

A

Synergist

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23
Q

Muscle role:

Muscles that stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place

A

Fixator

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24
Q

How many muscles roles can skeletal muscles fulfill?

A

all four roles at one time or another

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25
Q

Not in the skin but located in the connective tissue (fascia) just beneath it
Little or no attachment to bones
Thin, broad and superficial

A

Cutaneous muscle

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26
Q

Serve only to twitch the skin (ex: get rid of insects landing on skin)

A

Cutaneous trunci

27
Q

Control facial expression
Enable chewing (mastication)
Move sensory structures such as eyes and ears
help support the _____ and allow the ______ to flex, extend and move the ______ laterally

A

Head and neck muscles

28
Q

*Action is to close the jaw
*Most powerful of the chewing muscles
*Located in the cheek area of the skull

A

Masseter muscle

29
Q

*Two of the main muscles that extend (raise) the head and neck

A

Splenius and Trapezius Muscles

30
Q

*Pulls the front leg forward
*Extends the head and neck
*Fairly large, strap like muscle
*Runs from proximal area of the humerus up to the base of the skull

A

 Brachiocephalicus Muscle

31
Q

*Acts to flex (lower) the head and neck
*Smaller, straplike muscle that extends from the sternum to the base of the skull
oDo not have to be particularly large or strong because gravity helps lower the head and neck

A

 Sternocephalicus Muscle

32
Q

Which skeletal muscle group is arranged in layers?

A

Abdominal skeletal muscles

33
Q

What are the layers, from external to internal, of the abdominal skeletal muscles?

A

*External abdominal oblique
*Internal abdominal oblique
*Rectus abdominis
*Transverse abdominis

34
Q

Abdominal skeletal muscle, Fibers run caudoventral direction (backward and downward)

A

External abdominal oblique

35
Q

Abdominal skeletal muscle, Fibers run cranioventral direction (forward and downward)

A

Internal abdominal oblique

36
Q

Abdominal skeletal muscle, Forms the floor (ventral portion) of the muscular abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominis

37
Q

Abdominal skeletal muscle, Deepest of abdominal muscles, Fibers run directly downward in a ventral direction to insert on the linea alba

A

Transverse abdominis

38
Q

oBroad, triangular muscle that extends from the spinal column down to its insertion on the humerus
oFlexes the shoulder

A

*Latissimus dorsi

39
Q

oTwo muscles; one superficial and one deep
oLocated on each side of the sternum
oBoth extend from the sternum to the humerus
oActs as adductor muscles (inward movers) of the front leg

A

Pectoral

40
Q

oTriangular shape and extends from the lateral portion of the scapula down to the humerus
oAn abductor muscle (outward mover) and flexes the shoulder joint

A

Deltoid

41
Q

oTwo proximal head attachments
oExtends from the distal end of the scapula to the proximal end of the radius
oFlexes the elbow joint when flexed

A

*Biceps brachii

42
Q

oThree proximal head attachments
oGoes from the distal scapula and proximal humerus down to the olecranon process (point of the elbow)
oExtends the elbow joint

A

*Triceps brachii

43
Q

oExtends the carpus and is located over the radius

A

Extensor carpi radialis

44
Q

oFlexes the digit and is located beneath some of the other digital flexor muscles

A

*Deep Digital Flexor

45
Q

Which muscles function mostly in locomotion?

A

Pelvic and thoracic limb muscles

46
Q

*Help propel the body forward by extending the ______ joint (pulling the leg forward)

A

muscles of the hip joint

47
Q

o Extend from the bones of the pelvis down to the trochanters of the femur

A

gluteal

48
Q

oThree muscles located on the caudal part of the thigh region
oHelp extend the hip joint

A

Hamstring

49
Q

What three muscles make up the hamstring?

A

Biceps femoris muscle
Semimembranosus muscle
Semitendinosus muscle

50
Q

*Main extensor muscle of the stifle joint
*Cranial part of the thigh region
*Composed of four heads
*Bring the leg forward to prepare for the next stride

A

quadriceps femoris

51
Q

oLandmark muscle in some species
oPowerful extensor muscle of the hock
oExtends from the caudal portion of the distal end of the femur and inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity of the fibular tarsal bone (the point of the hock)
oEquivalent to human calf muscle

A

*Gastrocnemius

52
Q

aka the Achilles tendon

A

Gastrocnemius tendon

53
Q

Muscles that increase and decrease the size of the thoracic cavity

A

skeletal muscles of respiration

54
Q

Muscles that increase the size of the thoracic cavity when they contract

A

inspiratory muscles

55
Q

_______ is drawing air into the lungs

A

inspiration

56
Q

What are the two inspiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles

57
Q

When contracted, flattens out and pushes the abdominal organs caudally

A

Diaphragm

58
Q

When contracted, they rotate the ribs upward and forward

A

External intercostal muscles

59
Q

_______ is pushing air out of lungs by collapsing the rib cage

A

expiration

60
Q

Which muscles decrease the size of the thoracic cavity?

A

Expiratory muscles

61
Q

What are the expiratory muscles?

A

Internal intercostal muscles
Abdominal muscles

62
Q

When contracted, they rotate the ribs backward

A

o Internal intercostal muscles

63
Q

 When contracted, they push the abdominal organs against the caudal side of the diaphragm

A

Abdominal muscles

64
Q

Which muscles increase and decrease the size of the thoracic cavity?

A

Skeletal muscles of respiration

A&P 1 - Muscles (5 decks)

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