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Physiology > Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the characteristics of skeletts muscle?

A 
Long cylindrical cells
Polynuclei
Striated
VOLUNTARY
Rapid contractions
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2
Q

What is the special nomenclature for muscle organelles?

A

“sarco-“

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3
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

What is the sarcoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic resticulum (SR)?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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6
Q

What is a sarcosome?

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

What does the muscle cell (myocyte) contain of?

A

Myofibrils (muscle fibres) which contains myofilaments which is composed of thin filaments (actin) and thick filaments (myosin)

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8
Q

What is actin?

A

Thin filaments

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9
Q

What is myosin?

A

Thick filaments

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10
Q

What is a T-tubule?

A

Transverse tubule- deep invagination of the sarcolemma

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11
Q

What is the function of T-tubules?

A

Transmitting AP through cell

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12
Q

What is a triad?

A

T-tubule and two terminal cisternae

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13
Q

What is a cisternae?

A

Enlarged areas of the SR surrounding the transverse tubules

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14
Q

What is the function of SR?

A

Concentrate Ca++ via ion pumps

Releasing Ca++ into sarcomeres to begin muscle contraction

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15
Q

What are the thin filaments proteins?

A 
F-actin= 2 twisted rows of globular G-actin. The active sites of G-actin strands bind to myosin
Tropomyosin= a double strand, prevents actin-myosin interaction
Troponin= globular protein, binds tropomyosin to G-actin, controlled by Ca++
Nebulin= holds F-actin strands together
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16
Q

What are the parts of thick filaments?

A

Myosin tails and myosin heads

17
Q

Describe how muscle contraction is initiated

A

AP is propagated along the sarcolemma down the T-tubules releasing Ca++ from the terminal cisternae of SR.
Calcium ions binds to troponin that changes shape and remove the blocking action of tropomyosin exposing actin active sites.
Myosin heads crossbridning and attach to actin pulling the filaments towards center of sarcomere= muscle contraction

18
Q

How does muscle contraction end? (Relaxation)

A

Ca++ is recaptured by SR actin active sites is blocked by tropomyosin= no crossbridge formation and relaxation occures= passive return to resting length

19
Q

What is the all or non principle?

A

Muscle fibers are either contracted or relaxed

20
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

The number of fibers affected of one motor neuron

21
Q

What is summation?

A

Rapid sequence of stimuli, muscle twitches fuse into each other each subsequent one being stronger than the one before

22
Q

What is tetanus?

A

Very rapid sequence of stimuli without relaxation

Physiology (13 decks)

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