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Physiology > Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

[type of muscle]

___ detects changes muscle length

A

intrafusal

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2
Q

[type of muscle]

changes in muscle length is innervated by

A

gamma motor neurons

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3
Q

[type of muscle]

____ used for voluntary muscle contraction

A

extrafusal

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4
Q

[type of muscle]

innervation for voluntary muscle contraction

A

alpha motor neurons

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5
Q

[type of muscle]

intrafusal, innervation: ____

A

gamma motor neuron

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6
Q

[type of muscle]

extrafusal, innervation: ____

A

alpha motor neuron

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7
Q

[type of muscle]

this type of muscle provides endurance

A

type I/Slow-twitch/Red muscle

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8
Q

[type of muscle]

slow twitch muscle fiber

A

type 1

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9
Q

[type of muscle]

type of muscle with the greatest oxidative capacity

A

type 1

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10
Q

[type of muscle]

smaller diameter, less fatigability

A

type 1

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11
Q

[type of muscle]

this type of muscle provides power

A

type 2

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12
Q

[type of muscle]

white muscle fiber

A

type 2

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13
Q

[type of muscle]

unitary smooth muscle
(+) gap junction
(+) syncytium

is used for ____

A

gross motor movements

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14
Q

type of muscle]

multi-unit smooth muscle
(-) gap junction
(-) syncytium

is used for ____

A

fine motor movements

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15
Q

type of muscle]

type of smooth muscle used for fine motor movements

A

multi-unit

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16
Q

type of muscle]

type of smooth muscle used for gross motor movements

A

unitary

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17
Q

sarcomere is found between ___ lines

A

Z

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18
Q

[type of filament]

contains myosin that acts as cross bridges of the sarcomere

A

thick filament

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19
Q

[type of filament]

actin, tropomyosin, troponin

A

thin filament

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20
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, relaxing protein that covers actin binding sites at rest

A

tropomyosin

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21
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, this attaches troponin complex to tropomyosin

A

troponin T

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22
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, inhibits actin-myosin binding

A

troponin I

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23
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, this calcium binding protein

A

troponin C

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24
Q

name the types of troponin

A

troponin T
troponin I
troponin C

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25
[sacomere lines] __ band refers to the entire length of myosin
A band
26
[sacomere lines] __ band purely myosin
H band
27
[sacomere lines] __ band seen inside A band
H band
28
[sacomere lines] __ band has no actin interspersed
H band
29
[sacomere lines] this zone has no myosin heads
bare zone
30
[sarcomere lines] the bare zone is located inside this band
H band
31
[sarcomere lines] this band contains purely actin, no myosin interspersed
I band
32
___ spreads the action potential to all parts of the muscle
T tubules
33
____ this activates the ryanodine receptors
DHPR
34
____ protein that stores Ca in the SR
calsequestrin
35
___ pumps Ca from the ICF to the SR
SERCA
36
binds myosin to Z lines this determines normal stiffness of the ventricular muscle
titin
37
___ stabilizes sarcolemma and prevents contraction-induced rupture
dystrophin
38
____ binds actin to beta-dystroglycan in the sarcolemma
dystrophin
39
___ binds to actin and Z lines
Actinin, CapZ protein
40
_____ binds Z lines to sarcolemma
desmin
41
___ acts as molecular rulers that sets the length of actin
nebulin
42
___ binds to myosin head which causes myosin ti unbind with the first binding site in actin
ATP
43
The partial hydrolysis of ATP to ADP in myosin head causes ____ of the myosin heads
recocking
44
the second binding site is due to the ____
partial hydrolysis of ATP
45
the first binding site is due to ____
binding of ATP to myosin heads
46
the hydrolysis of ADP bound to myosin causes the ____
power/force-generating stoke
47
after the force-generating stroke, the myosin heads pull actin towards the ____
M line
48
___ covers the binding site of actin for myosin
tropomyosin
49
In muscle relaxation, the Ca goes back to the SR via
SERCA
50
This drug blocks the release of Ach from the presynaptic terminal
botulinum toxin
51
this drug competes with Ach for motor end plate receptor
curare
52
this drug inhibits acetycholinesterease
neostigmine
53
this drug blocks reuptake of choline into presynaptic terminal
hemicholinium
54
___ type of contraction when you push an immovable wall
isometric
55
____ type of contraction when you pull the same load
isotonic
56
in pulling a weight up, there is a ___ contraction (isotonic contraction)
concentric contraction
57
in lowering a weight down, there is a ___ contraction (isotonic contraction)
eccentric contraction
58
More tension is produced in this type of contractions
isometric contraction
59
___ type of fiber with no refractory period
muscle fiber
60
___ muscle relies purely on intracellular Ca
skeletal muscle
61
____ muscle relies mainly on extracellular Ca
smooth muscle
62
___ muscle relies both on intra and extracellular Ca
cardiac muscle
63
[cardiac action potential] ___ phase that is very valuable since it "rests" the heart
Phase 2
64
[cardiac action potential] __ phase K efflux, partial repolarization
Phase 1
65
[cardiac action potential] ___ phase Ca Influx = k efflux
phase 2
66
[cardiac action potential] Ca channel closed K efflux
Phase 3
67
___ is the RMP of the cardiac action potential
-90mV
68
[Pacemaker AP] Ca influx
Phase 0
69
[pacemaker AP] | K efflux
phase 3
70
What are the phases in the pacemaker?
Phase 0 Phase 3 Phase 4
71
[cardiac action potential] due to Na influx
Phase 1
72
This transport mechanism decreases the intracellular calcium in the heart
1. Ca ATPase | 2. 3Na-1Ca countertransport
73
this muscle has no troponin
smooth muscle
74
[smooth muscle] phosphorylates and activates myosin heads
myosin-light chain kinase
75
[smooth muscle] dephosphorylate and inactivates myosin heads
myosin-light chain phosphatase
76
[smooth muscle] binds to Ca
calmodulin
77
[smooth muscle] | inhibits muscle contraction
caldesmon | Calponin
78
[smooth muscle] analogous to Z lines
dense bodies
79
[smooth muscle] __ causes smooth muscle contraction
MLCK K = kontract
80
[smooth muscle] ___ causes smooth muscle relaxation
MLCP Pahinga = relax
81
[smooth muscle] analogous to Trop I
caldesmon
82
[smooth muscle] one nerve, multiple muscle fiber, may act on their own
multi-unit smooth muscle
83
[smooth muscle] controlled by Ach, NE No gap junctions No spontaneous contraction Has junctional potential only
multi-unit smooth muscle
84
[smooth muscle] ___ unit smooth muscle ciliary muscle, iris, piloerector muscle, vas deferense
multi-unit smooth muscle
85
[smooth muscle] ___ unit smooth muscle intestine, bile duct, ureter, uterus
single-unit smooth muscle
86
[smooth muscle] one nerve, multiple muscle fibers, act together as one controlled by ACh, NE, hormones, stretch, local factors
single-unit smooth muscle
87
``` [smooth muscle] (+) gap junctions slow waves spike potentials plateau potentials (+) spontaneous contraction ```
single-unit smooth muscle
88
[identify the type of muscle] (+) sarcomere Upstroke of AP = Na Influx No plateau
skeletal
89
[identify the type of cardiac] (+) sarcomere Upstroke of AP = Ca Influx No plateau
SA node
90
[identify the type of cardiac muscle] (+) sarcomere Upstroke of AP = Na Influx Has plateau
Atria ventricles purkinje
91
[identify the type of muscle] (-) sarcomere Upstroke of AP = Ca Influx No plateau
smooth muscle

Physiology (47 decks)

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