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Dylan Turner > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of skeleton

A

axial and appendicular

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2
Q

How many bones in Axial & list the main bones

A

80 Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

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3
Q

How many bones in Appendicular & list the main bones

A

126 Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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4
Q

Total bones in human body?

A

206

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

support, protection, movement, Produce Blood Cells, and Storage of Minerals and Fats

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

end

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft

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8
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

padding

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9
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane that covers entire bone

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10
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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11
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A

wall of the diaphysis

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12
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue

A

cancellous, epiphysis

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13
Q

long

A

cylinder shape longer than it is wide

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14
Q

short

A

circular about the same size all around

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15
Q

flat

A

thin and curved

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16
Q

irregular

A

complex shape

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17
Q

sesamoid

A

small and round

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18
Q

red marrow

A

blood

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19
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

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20
Q

fibrous joint

A

where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective tissue.

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21
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

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22
Q

synovial joint

A

the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected, but instead come into contact with each other within a joint cavity that is filled with a lubricating fluid

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23
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones.

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24
Q

diarthrosis

A

An example of this type of joint is the cartilaginous joint that unites the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

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25
Q

Synovial Joints

A

These types of joints include all synovial joints of the body, which provide the majority of body movements. Most diarthrotic joints are found in the appendicular skeleton and thus give the limbs a wide range of motion.

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26
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position or bending backward.

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27
Q

Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction

A

Adduction (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)
Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
Abduction (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)
Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
Circumduction (biaxial condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket)
Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.

28
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.

29
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.
Supination is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position

30
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint.
Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion, while lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion.

31
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

32
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball.
Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.

33
Q

Depression/Elevation

A

The upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression. These movements are used to shrug your shoulders.
Similarly, elevation of the mandible is the upward movement of the lower jaw used to close the mouth or bite on something, and depression is the downward movement that produces opening of the mouth.

34
Q

Opposition/Reposition

A

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Thumb opposition is produced by a combination of flexion and abduction of the thumb at this joint.
Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called reposition.

35
Q

hoe many bones are in the cranium

A

22

36
Q

only movable bone in skull

A

lower jaw

37
Q

five vertebral regions

A

cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx

38
Q

how many vertebrae in cervical

A

7

39
Q

how many vertebrae are in a thoracic

A

12

40
Q

how many vertebrae in lumbar

A

5

41
Q

scoliosis

A

a lateral curvature

42
Q

kyphosis

A

an excessive posterior curvature in the thoracic region

43
Q

lordosis

A

curve of the spine

44
Q

what does thoracic cage protect

A

heart and lungs

45
Q

costal cartilage

A

These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches. Most ribs are then attached, either directly or indirectly, to the sternum via their costal cartilage.

46
Q

three types of ribs how many of each

A

(7)true ribs (vertebrosternal ribs). The costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to the sternum. (5)false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum.
The last two false ribs (11–12) are also called floating ribs (vertebral ribs).

47
Q

main bones of the pectoral gridle

A

scapula & clavicle

48
Q

humerus-location

A

arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow.

49
Q

radius

A

It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist

50
Q

ulna

A

a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the elbow to the smallest finger

51
Q

carpals

A

8 bones that make up the wrist and connect the hand to the forearm

52
Q

metacarpals

A

long bones in the hand connected to the carpals(wrist) and the phalanges(fingers)

53
Q

Phalanges (describe its location)

A

fingers and toes

54
Q

Femur (describe its location)

A

bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, between the hip and knee

55
Q

Tibia (describe its location)

A

shin bone big toe side

56
Q

Fibula (describe its location)

A

shin bone pinky toe side

57
Q

Tarsals (describe its location)

A

back part of foot

58
Q

Metatarsals (describe its location)

A

toe bones before the actual limb

59
Q

closed fracture

A

skin remains intact

60
Q

open fracture

A

bone breaks through skin

61
Q

transverse fracture

A

occurs straight across long axis of bone

62
Q

spiral fracture

A

bones pulled apart due to twisting motion

63
Q

comminuted fracture

A

several small breaks resulting in small pieces between two large segments

64
Q

impacted fracture

A

one piece driven into the other usually caused by compression

65
Q

greenstick

A

partial fracture one side is broken

66
Q

oblique fracture

A

occurs at angle less than 90 degrees

Dylan Turner (7 decks)

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