Skeletal System Flashcards
(57 cards)
Give an example of a sesamoid bone?
Patella
Describe in a few words the process of bone growth?
- Bone is continuously being reshaped through a process called remodelling.
- Ossification is the process in which bones are formed.
- Osteoclasts remove unnecessary calcium.
- Osteoblasts bring new calcium to the bone to create bone matter.
- Osteoblasts activity increases with exercise.
- Epiphyseal plates continue to grow allowing to grow the bone longer. This continues until full maturity.
- Epiphysis’s fuse with the main shaft (diaphysis to create the epiphyseal line.
How can you prevent Osteoporosis?
Physical activity can prevent this by promoting the uptake of minerals in the bones resulting in stronger bones and increase the bone density.
What is the name of the condition where there is an inflammation within a synovial joint causing pain, stiffness, wear & tear?
Arthritis
Name the five sections of the spine
Cervical - 7 Bones
Thoracic - 12 Bones
Lumbar - 5 Bones
Sacral - 5 Bones
Coccygeal - 4 Bones
What are the long term adaptations to exercise?
- Increase in bone density and strength
- Increased in ligament strength
- Increased thickness of articular cartliage
What are the Epiphyseal plates?
Growing area at the end of long bones which allow them to grow longer
Name of ankle movements? Name the bones involved?
Planterflexion and Dorsiflexion
Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals
What is the name of an excessive outward curve of the thoracic region of the spine resulting in a “hunchback” appearance?
Kyphosis
What can joints do?
Allow you to move parts of your body in specific directions
What are the functions of the sesamoid bones?
Held within a tendon and reduce friction between the joint
What prevents bones from rubbing and acts as a shock absorber?
Articular Cartilage
What are the functions of the long bones?
Act as a lever to create movement and they produce red blood cells
Name the five types of bones?
Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Sesamoid Bones
Irregular Bones
What contains and releases synovial fluid?
Synovial Membrane
What bones and movement are involved in the Thumb (Saddle)?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
Carpals, Metacarpals
Osteoporosis is…
a weakening of the bones caused by a loss in calcium or vitamin D.
What bones and movement are involved in the Wrist (Condyloid)?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
Ulna, Radius, Carpals
Identify the area of the skeleton that contain the limbs, Shoulder Girdle and Pelvic Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
What is the name of the fluid which lubricates and reduces friction of the joint?
Synovial fluid
Give an example of a flat bone?
Cranium, Sternum
How can you prevent arthritis?
Exercise produces more synovial fluid thus reducing the risk.
An increase of lubrication will reduce friction but also provide important minerals to the cartilage to reduce impact between bone-to-bone.
What are the short term responses to exercise?
- Increase in Synovial Fluid Production
- Uptake of Minerals
- Increased Pliability of Ligaments
Identify the area of the skeleton that contain the Cranium, Sternum, Ribs and Vertebral Column
Axial Skeleton
