Skeletal system

Question 1

Kinds of bone tissue

Answer 1

1. Compact bone
2. Spongy bone

Question 2

kinds of bone tissue

Compact bone

Answer 2

• Makes up shaft and surface of long bones
• Consists of osteons

Question 3

Kinds of bone tissue

Spongy bone

Answer 3

Consists of trabeculae

Question 4

Types of bone

L S F I S W

Answer 4

1. Long bone
2. Short bone
3. Flat bone
4. Irregular bone
5. SesamoiD bone
6. Wormian/sutural bone

L S F I S W

Question 5

Types of bone

Long bone

Answer 5

Produced through endochondrial ossification

When hyaline cartillage is replaced by bone

Question 6

Parts of a long bone

E D M M P E

Answer 6

1. Epiphysis
2. Diaphysis
3. Metaphysis
4. Marrow cavity
5. Periosteum
6. Endosteum

E D M M P E

Question 7

Parts of a long bone

Epiphysis

Answer 7

• Ends of long bones
• Where red bone marrow is present (RBC production)

Question 8

Parts of a long bone

Diaphysis

Answer 8

Bone shaft connecting the epyphisis

Question 9

Parts of a long bone

Metaphysis

Answer 9

• Where diaphysis and epiphysis meets
• contains epiphyseal line

Epiphysial line - remnant cartilage from growing bone

Question 10

Parts of a long bone

Marrow cavity

Medular cavity

Answer 10

Stores adipose tissue that forms yellow bone marrow

Question 11

Parts of a long bone

Periosteum

Answer 11

membrane covering the diaphysis where tendons and ligaments attach

Question 12

Parts of a long bone

Endosteum

Answer 12

membrane lining the marrow cavity

Question 13

Short bones

Answer 13

• consists of spongy bone and marrow surrounded by compact bone.
• cuboid shaped

Question 14

Flat bones

Answer 14

• consists of spongy bone between two compact bone layers
• articular surface covered with fibroblasts
• grows through replacement of cartilage into bone

Question 15

Irregular bone

Answer 15

• spongy bone covered in thin compact bone

Question 16

Sesamoid bone

Answer 16

• develop in tendons to reduce friction and shift mechanical function
• found where tendons cross synovial articulations at the end of long bones in limbs

Question 17

Wormian bones

Answer 17

• between sutures of cranial bones

Question 18

Joints

Answer 18

• Union of two of more bones
• Hilton’s law
• Mobility and stability of the joint is inversely proportional

Hilton’s law - the nerve that supplies the joint is the same nerve supplying the muscle and skin covering the joint

Question 19

Structural classicifation of joints

F C S

Answer 19

1. Fibrous
2. Catiloginous
3. Synovial

Question 20

Structural Classifications of joints

Fibrous joints

Answer 20

• Joined by fibrous cartilage
• no joint cavity
• permit little movement

Question 21

Structural Classifications of joints

Cartiloginous

Answer 21

• joined by cartilage
• no joint cavity
• Primary cartiloginous joints and secondary cartiloginous joints

Question 22

Cartiloginous joints

Primary cartiloginous joints

synchondroses

Answer 22

• Joined by hyaline cartilage
• allows growth in length
• little movement

Question 23

Cartiloginous joints

Secondary cartiloginous joints

Symphyses

Answer 23

• joined by firbocartilage
• slgihtly movable

Question 24

Structural Classifications of joints

Synovial joints

Answer 24

• between two separate skeletal elements
• have joint cavity with synovial fluid
• permits degrees of movement

Question 25

Axial skeletal system

Answer 25

Forms vertical axis of the body 1. Skull 2. Auditory oscicles 3. Hyoid bone 4. Vertebral column 5. Thoracis cage 6. Pectoral girdle

Question 26

# Axial skeleton Skull | Cranial bones

Answer 26

1. Parietal bone 2. Frontal bone 3. Occipital bone 4. Sphenoid bone 5. Temporal bone 6. Ethmoid bone 7. Lambdoid suture* 8. Coronal suture* 9. Squamosoparietal suture*

Question 27

# Axial Skeleton Skull | Facial bones

Answer 27

1. Nasal bone 2. Vomer bone 3. Maxilla 4. Mandible 5. Zygomatic bone 6. Inferior nasal concha 7. Lacrimal bone 8. Platine bone 9. Glabella 10. Nasion 11. Orbital cavity 12. Mental foramen* 13. Infraorbital foramen* 14. Supraorbital foramen*

Question 28

# Skull Features of the skull

Answer 28

1. Sutures 2. Fontanels 3. Sutural bones 4. Cranial vault 5. Cranial base 6. Cranial fossae 7. Nasal Cavity

Question 29

# Axial Skeleton Auditory Ossicles

Answer 29

1. Mallues 2. Incus 3. Stapes ## Footnote Stapes - smallest bone in the body

Question 30

# Axial sketleton Hyoid bone

Answer 30

* connected to styloid process * where muscles of the tongue, neck, pharyxn and larynx are attached ## Footnote located at the top of the trachea

Question 31

# Axial skeleton Vertebral column | C T L S C

Answer 31

* supports the head and trunk * protects spinal cord 1. Cervical (C1-C7) 2. Thoracic (T1-T12) 3. Lumber (L1-L5) 4. Sacrum (S1-S5) 5. Coccyx

Question 32

# Axial skeleton Thoracic cage

Answer 32

1. Sternum 2. Ribs 3. Vertrbrae (Thoracic Vertebra) 4. Costal cartilage

Question 33

# Features of the thoracic cage Sternum

Answer 33

* anterior section of the rib cage * 3 fused bones: 1. Manubrium 2. body 3. Xiphoid process

Question 34

# Features of the thoracic cage Ribs

Answer 34

* Protect thoracic organs * Articulates posteriorly to a respective thoracis vertebrae * 12 ribs: 1. Vertebrosternal ribs (1-7) - attached to the sternum with costal cartilage 2. Vertebronchal ribs (8-10) - connected to the rib superior to them 3. Vertebral ribs (11-12) - no attachment

Question 35

# Axial skeleton Pectoral girdle

Answer 35

1. Clavicle 2. Spacula 3. Acromion 4. Coracoid process 5. Glenoid cavity

Question 36

Appendicular skeletal system

Answer 36

* Limbs * Pelvic girdle

Question 37

# Appendicular skeleton Upper limb

Answer 37

1. Humerus 2. Elbow 3. Radius 4. Ulna 5. Carpals 6. Metacarpals 7. Phalanges

Question 38

# Appendicular skeleton Lower limbs

Answer 38

1. Femur 2. Patella 3. Tibia 4. Fibula 5. Tarsals 6. Metatarsals 7. Phalanges

Question 39

# Appendicular skeleton Pelvic girdle

Answer 39

1. Iliac crest 2. Ilium 3. Sacral base 4. Sacroilias jont 5. Pelvic inlet 6. Coccyx 7. Ischium 8. Ischial spine 9. Pubis symphysis 10. Obturator foramen 11. Pubic