Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Internal framework of the human body. Where the muscular system is smoothly attached to, for the body to be able to move.
A
Skeletal System
2
Q
What are the Functions of Skeletal System?
A
Protection
Support
Allows Body Movement
Blood Cell Production Storage of Minerals and Fats
3
Q
Skeletal System is able to protect the different ______________ of the body.
A
internal organs
4
Q
mostly responsible for blood cell production.
A
Bone marrow
5
Q
What are the Body Parts Related to Skeletal System?
A
Bones
Ligaments
Cartilages
Joints
6
Q
Type of connective tissue that protects and supports different body structures.
A
Bones
7
Q
Bones provides structure for the?
A
skin
8
Q
Bones Provides protection for internal organs and?
A
other different membrane systems
9
Q
This type of bone is longer than they are wide.
A
Long Bones
10
Q
Long bones are located in the upper and lower limbs such as?
A
Arms
Forearms
Thighs
Legs
11
Q
This type of bone is relatively thin, flattened shape and are usually curved.
A
Flat Bones
12
Q
Flat Bones are located in?
A
skull bones
ribs
breastbone (sternum)
shoulder blades (scapulae)
13
Q
This type of bone is round or nearly cube-shaped.
A
Short Bones
14
Q
Short Bones are located in?
A
wrist (Carpal bones)
ankle (tarsal bones)
15
Q
This type of bone have shapes that don’t fit readily into the other three categories (long, fat, short).
A
Irregular Bone
16
Q
Irregular bones are located in?
A
Vertebra
Facial Bones
17
Q
This bone has less space than a spongy bone.
Composed of the outer layer of the bone.
A
Compact Bone
18
Q
Compact Bone has more bone matrix. What does that mean?
A
Appears very dense and smooth.
19
Q
This type of bone appears porous, has less bone matrix, and has more space than a compact bone.
A
Spongy Bone
20
Q
Why does Spongy Bone appears porous?
A
Arranged in trabeculae.
21
Q
honeycomb like little needles (Referring to cells).
A
Trabeculae
22
Q
Stem cells that actively divide and are found in the periosteum (outer) and endosteum (inner).
A
Osteogenic Cells
23
Q
Osteogenic Cells are the ________ of bone cells.
A
origin
24
Q
Cells that compromise trabecula.
A
Osteoblast
25
Osteo = bone
Blast =
forming or building
26
Characteristics of Osteoblast
Uninucleated
Bone-building cells
Secrete the bone matrix
27
Provides the mitotic phase (actively divide). Provides nutrition and necessary supplies for bone growth. [Osteoblast]
Bone Matrix
28
For active mitosis. Result of active bone division. [Osteoblast]
Bone Growth
29
Primarily responsible for secretion of enzymes. Huge and multinucleated.
Osteoclast
30
breakdown or destruction.
Clast
31
Secretion of __________ responsible for breakdown or destruction of bone. [Osteoclast]
enzymes
32
Mature bone cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix communicating this information to other cells.
Osteocyte
33
Meaning of Cyte
cells, so “bone cells.”
34
Repeating cylindrical units with an open canal at the center.
Osteon
35
Serves as an open region at the center containing blood vessels and fibers that serve the cells in the osteon.
Open Canal
36
Compact Bone is made up of Lamellae. What is that?
hollow tubes arranged like rings of the tree trunk
37
Extra tiny canals connecting lacunae (where chondrocytes are enclosed to)
Canaliculi
38
Fine, tiny gaps when lamellae, filled with osteocytes (mature bone cells).
Lacunae
39
This type of Lamellae makes up the circumference of diaphysis surrounding all osteons.
Circumferential
40
This type of Lamellae is “In between”. Fill in spaces between osteons.
Interstitial
41
Shaft of the bone.
Diaphysis
42
Part of the bone that develops from a center of ossification distinct from the diaphysis.
Epiphysis
43
Double-layered connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bone except where articular cartilage is present
Periosteum
44
Periosteum allows what to attach to the bone?
Ligaments and Tendons
45
________ and _______ from the periosteum supply the bone
blood vessels and nerves
46
the periosteum is where bone grown in __________.
diameter
47
What is Endosteum?
Thin connective tissue membrane lining the inner cavities of bone.
48
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering a bone where it forms a joint (articulation) with another bone
Articular Cartilage
49
Periosteum is doubled-layer. What are it?
First layer — made up of dense regular connective tissue.
Second layer — made up of fibers.
50
Purpose of periosteum
Attachment site of ligaments and tendons.
51
Area of hyaline cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphysis; cartilage growth followed by endochondral ossification results in growth in bone length.
Epiphyseal Plate
52
What is Spongy Bone?
Bone having many small spaces (porous); found mainly in the epiphysis; arranged into trabeculae.
53
Dense and smooth bone with few internal spaces organized into osteons; forms the diaphysis and covers the spongy bone of the epiphyses.
Compact Bone
54
Large cavity (space) within the diaphysis.
Medullary Cavity
55
Connective tissue in the spaces of spongy bone or in the medullary cavity; the site of blood cell production (RBCs, WBCs).
Red Marrow
56
What is Yellow Marrow?
Fat stored within the medullary cavity or in the spaces of spongy bone. (color of fat)
57
When we turn older, the epiphyseal plate becomes thinner because of?
ossification as it will be converted to epiphyseal line
58
The precise arrangement of compact and spongy bones depends on their?
bone types
59
Short, irregular, and flat bones have thin plates of spongy bone covered by?
compact bone
60
covers surfaces involved with joints
Hyaline cartilage
61
Long Bones contain a diaphysis (shaft of the bone) made up of thick compact bone surrounding the?
medullary cavity (space)
62
In long bones, the ends (epiphysis) containing the spongy bone inside the compact bone covered by cartilages is important for?
joint surfaces
63
What is the purpose of cartilages?
serve as a cushion and stress absorption.
64
Because of the ossification of the epiphyseal plates in young bone in turns into what in adult bone?
Epiphyseal line
65
disc of cartilage that grows during childhood.
Epiphyseal plate in juveniles
66
remnant of epiphyseal plates.
Epiphyseal lines in adults
67
outer covering, double layered, white membrane covering the exterior of bone consisting of outer layer.
Periosteum
68
This is the layer in periosteum where it's composed of dense, irregular connective tissue.
Outer fibrous layer
69
This is the layer in periosteum where it's osteogenic (stem cells), consist of primitive stem cells.
Inner layer
70
What is the function of periosteum?
Aside from covering, it also serves as an attachment site for a network of nerve fibers, blood vessels, which passes through the shaft to the medullary cavity.
71
inner layer; covers the internal spongy bone layer and canals that pass through compact bone.
Endosteum
72
Outside of bones will display different markings which can be:
Projections (protruding bones)
Depressions
Opening line
Foramina
Grooves
73
This division of Skeletal System comprises the head or torso.
Axial Skeleton
74
Axial Skeleton can also include _______ and ________.
spine and ribcage
75
Comprises the appendages and limbs (arms, legs, pelvis, shoulder)
Appendicular Skeleton
76
Functions as a protection and support of the brain.
Skull
77
Functions as a protection and support of the spinal cord.
Vertebral Column
78
Protects vital organs housed within the thorax (chest area).
Ribcage
79
What are the Bones in Axial Skeleton?
Skull
Vertebral Column
Ribcage
Other Associated Bones (Auditory Ossicles and Hyoid Bone)
80
Function to grasp and manipulate objects.
Upper Limbs
81
Example of upper limbs
Arm, forearm, hands
82
Permit body movement because they carry the whole body.
Lower Limbs
83
Attach the upper limbs to the body or with the thorax.
Pectoral girdle (Shoulder)
84
Attach the lower limbs to the body.
Pelvic Girdle
85
What are the Bones in the Appendicular Skeleton?
Upper Limbs
Lower Limbs
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
Pelvic Girdle
86
How many Skull Bones?
22
87
How many Associates Bones (Auditory Ossicles, Hyoid Bone)?
7
88
How many Vertebral Column Bones (Cervical to Sacral)?
26
89
How many bones in Rib Cages
25
90
How many bones in Girdle and Upper Limb Bones?
64
91
How many bones in Girdle and Lower Limb?
62
92
How many bones in Axial Skeleton?
80
93
How many bones in Appendicular Skeleton?
126
94
Toal number of bones in the Body.
206
95
Main part of the bone
Body
96
This part of the bone is enlarged, often rounded
Head
97
Constriction between head and body
Neck
98
Margin
Edge
99
Bend
Angie
100
Ramus
Branch off the body beyond the angle
101
Smooth, rounded articular surface
Condyle
102
Small, flattened articular surface
Facet
103
This ridge is low
Line
104
What is Crest (Ridge)?
Prominent ridge
105
This ridge is very high ridge.
Spine
106
Prominent projection
Process
107
Small, rounded bump (Projection)
Tubercle
108
Tuberosity
Knob, larger than a tubercle
109
Tuberosity on the proximal femur (Projection)
Trochanter
110
Upon condyle (rounded)
Epicondyle
111
Lingula
Flat, tongue shaped process
112
Hamulus
Hook-shaped process
113
Horn-shaped process (Projection)
Cornu
114
Hole (Opening)
Foramen
115
Tunnel
Canal, meatus
116
Cleft (Opening)
Fissure
117
Sinus, labyrinth
Cavity (space)
118
General term for depression (Depressions)
Fossa
119
Notch
Depression in the margin of a bone
120
Little pit (Depressions)
Fovea
121
Groove, ulcus
Deep, narrow depression
122
protects the brain
Cranial (head)
123
Gives structure to the face.
Facial Bones
124
Cranial bones contains mainly _______________ connected by sutures.
flat (thin) bones
125
serrated lines which are immovable joints that hold the cranial bones together, serve as a stitch.
Sutures
126
forehead bone
Frontal bone
127
Left and right bones of the skull
Parietal bones
128
holds the frontal bone and both parietal bones, where the headband is placed.
Coronal suture
129
suture that holds both parietal bones together.
Sagittal suture
130
holds both parietal bones and occipital bone together.
Lambdoid suture
131
superior to the ears.
Temporal bone
132
What are the cranial bone and how many are they?
Frontal bone (1)
Sphenoid bone (1)
Ethmoid bone (1)
Parietal bone (2)
Temporal bone (2)
Occipital bone (1)
133
What are the 5 sutures? eSCOLaS
Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
Occipitomastoid suture
Lambdoid suture
Squamous suture
134
What are the facial bones and how many are they?
Nasal Bone (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Inferior nasal Concha (2)
Maxillary (2)
Mandible (1)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Vomer (1)
135
In fetal skull is its not only a?
serrated bind
136
Membranous area in sutures makes the skull flexible during the birth process and allows for growth of the head after birth.
Fontanel
137
Comprised with 26 irregular bones. Forms in a S-shape
Vertebral Column
138
Vertebral Column is divided in 5 sections. What are they?
Cervical Region - 7 bones: C1 to C7
Thoracic Vertebrae/Region - 12 bones: T1to T12
Lumbar Vertebrae - 5 bones: L1 to L5
Sacrum - 5 bones fused into 1
Coccyx - also known as your tailbone, 5 few tiny vertebrae fused together
139
Vertebral Column protects the?
Spinal Cord
140
Vertebral Column supports the body from?
hand and trunk
141
Vertebral column provides?
muscle attachment
142
Vertebral allows __________ to exit the spinal cord.
spinal nerves
143
Vertebral Column permits movement of the?
head and trunk
144
Made up of your fibrocartilage. Primary located between your adjacent vertebra.
Intervertebral Disk
145
Intervertebral Disk provides?
support
146
Intervertebral Disk prevents vertebral bodies from?
rubbing against each other
147
Vertebral Column has 2 important parts.
Body and Vertebral arch
148
formed because of project process
Vertebral arch
149
What are the project processes in vertebral column?
Spinous process
Transverse process
Superior Articular process
Inferior Articular process
150
(Vertebral Column) Just below your facet of your superior articular process
Lamina and Pedicle
151
(Vertebral Column) Hole where the spinal cord passus through
Vertebral foramen
152
What is C1 and C2 called?
C1 = Atlas
C2 = Axis
153
This part in cervical vertebrae has:
No body
No Spinous Process
Atlas
154
Function of Atlas
Holds your head which allows the head to produce yes motion and titling of head from side to side.
155
Atlas articulates with?
occipital condyle at the base of the skull
156
This part of cervical vertebrae is Smaller Superior Facets. Function: Allows head to produce No motion
Axis
157
Short Spinous Process
Large vertebral foramen
Cervical Vertebrae
158
(Cervical Vertebrae) Additional transverse foramen to accommodate?
vertebral arteries
159
Long and points down spinous process
Thoracic Vertebrae
160
Short and thick pedicles and laminae. Because it weighs our upper body.
Lumbar Vertebrae
161
In thoracic cage it has 3 bones. What are they?
Sternum or Breastbone
Ribs
Costal Cartilages
162
Flat bones which are located primarily in the middle of thorax.
Sternum or Breastbone
163
Sternum or Breastbone is Made up of 3 bones.
Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process
164
12 total Ribs but is divided by?
True Ribs (first 7) and False Ribs (last 5)
165
True Ribs are directly attached to?
costal cartilages
166
__________ ribs are attached indirectly through costal cartilages from the ribs above
8th to 10th
167
11th and 12th ribs are?
floating ribs, they do not attach to the sternum
168
Upper Extremities is composed of?
Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
169
Pectoral Girdle is also known as the shoulder girdle which comprises?
clavicle and scapula
170
Clavicle = collarbone
Scapula =
Shoulder blade
171
Comparing the two, scapula has _____________ they are roughly irregular unlike your clavicle.
thin flat bones
172
There is a sternal end and acromial end.
Clavicle
173
The end in the clavicle that articulates with manubrium
Sternal end
173
Acromial end articulates with?
scapula
174
Scapula has three borders.
Superior border
Medial border
Lateral or Axillary border
175
The Glenoid cavity articulates with the?
head of the humerus.
176
Acromion process has 3 functions.
Protects shoulder joint.
Attachment site for clavicle
Attachment point for some shoulder muscles.
177
Arm which is the _____, it is a long bone.
Humerus
178
Arm has a process of ?
Greater tubercle (lateral) and lesser tubercle (anterior surface of your proximal end)
179
Medial Epicondyle and Lateral epicondyle is proximal to ___________ which is the attachment site of forearm muscle.
capitulum
180
Arm has what type of fossa?
Radial fossa and Coronoid fossa (fossa is a depression)
181
Capitulum (lateral) articulates with?
radius
182
Trochlea articulates with?
ulna
183
The medial in your trochlea means?
spool/pulley
184
Deltoid Tuberosity is the attachment site of your?
deltoid muscle
185
Radial part of the body, away from the body.
Radius
186
If you’re having your palms facing upward the bone away from your _________ is your radius.
midline
187
Radius is ______ than Ulna.
Wider
188
Radius has ___________ which is the attachment site for biceps brachii
Radial tuberosity
189
Radius has Styloid process which is the attachment site for?
ligaments of wrist
190
Slightly longer than Radius.
Ulna
191
If you’re having your palms facing upward the bone __________ your midline is your ulna.
towards
192
Ulna has _______________ which has a c-shape end, it is the proximal end of your ulna.
Trochlear notch or semilunar notch
193
Ulna also has the _____________ (projection) which is the lateral posterior. While the __________________ is a small anterior, prominent project.
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
194
Ulna and Radius are connected by ________________, it is a flexible ligament.
interosseous membrane
195
Inter =
Osseous = Bone
middle
196
What are the Carpal Bones? [She Look Too Pretty (towards the pinky) ; Here Comes The Thumb (towards the thumb)]
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
197
Metacarpals (5) starting from your?
thumb
198
What are the Phalanges?
Proximal phalanges
Middle phalanges
Distal phalanges.
199
4 of them have three phalanges except for tumb which only has 2 phalanges which are?
proximal phalanges and distal phalanges
200
Lower Extremities are composed of Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb, which is primarily held by?
Pelvic Girdle
201
Lower Limb compromises of?
thigh, leg, and foot.
202
Pelvic Girdle attached your lower limb to?
trunk
203
Pelvic Girdle has ____________ because the one that moves really is our lower appendages.
less mobility
204
Pelvic Girdle is more stable because of its?
boney structure
205
Three separate bones which is fused to one.
Sacrum and 2 Hip or Coxal Bones
206
___________ is the primary part that articulates with the femur.
Acetabulum
207
Functions of Pelvic Girdle
Support the weight
Attach lower limb
Protects internal organs
208
Largest bone of the body.
Femur
209
Femur has a pit or “may uka” called?
Fovea(feet) Capitis(head)
210
(Femur) The Greater Trochanter is lateral, that could be seen above?
the neck
211
(Femur) Lesser Trochanter has?
inferior and posterior
212
(Femur) _____________ in between those trochanter.
Intertrochanteric crest
213
(Femur) ___________ attachment site of gluteus maximus.
Gluteal tuberosity
214
(Femur) ____________ serve as a muscle attachment in your thigh part.
Adductor tubercle
215
Linea aspera, the?
lower ridge
216
Medial and Lateral epicondyle, those are for ligament attachment. While condyles are primarily responsible for articulation with?
tibia
217
Also known as kneecap, a large sesamoid bone which is primarily located in front of the joint between femur and tibia.
Patella
218
Functions of Patella
Increase tendon leverage
Maintain position of the tendon when flexed
Protect knee joint
219
Bigger leg. It has Medial and Lateral condyle which articulates with femur.
Tibia
220
(Tibia) Intercondylar eminence which ridge between 2 articular surfaces of?
proximal tibia
221
(Tibia) ___________, attachment site of quadriceps femoris muscle group
Tibial tuberosity
222
(Tibia) _______________ (uka sa baba) this is the medial side of the ankle joint.
Medial malleolus
223
(Tibia) ___________ is the lateral side of the ankle joint.
Lateral malleolus
224
Thinner leg. Its have the head, upper part.
Fibula
225
Tarsals (7), composed of?
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
226
Calcaneus is the heel bone, it is the largest and strongest bone of the foot. Attachment site of the?
large calf muscles
227
Talus or ankle bone, this articulates with the __________ and __________.
calcaneus and navicular
228
Talus or ankle bone also articulates with tibia and tibia to form an ___________ (if we get sprained it’s this joint that gets affected).
ankle joint
229
If we have metacarpals for hands in foot we have?
Metatarsals
230
Digits are also the same where all of the digits have three phalanges (Proximal Phalanx, Middle Phalanx and Distal Phalanx) except _________ that only have two phalanges (Proximal Phalanx and Distal Phalanx)
big toe
231
What are the arches in the foot?
Medial Longitudinal Arch Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Transverse Arch
232
What is the function of the three arches on the foot?
These three arches are to distribute the weight of the body every time we stand or walk.
233
It is the softening and weakening of bones.
Rickets
234
Cause of Rickets
Deficiency of Vitamin D. In general we have inactive Vitamin D and we could only activate it if we get exposed to the sun.
235
Rickets usually happens to?
children that don’t go out, staying at home to play on the computer.
236
Most common. Also known wear and tear arthritis.
Occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees.
Osteoarthritis
237
Cause of Osteoarthritis
When our cartilage begins to break down
238
Autoimmune disease, this means your body is attacking your ownself. This is an inflammatory disease.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
239
Inflammation or swelling in joints, usually happens to the hands or fingers where the site of deposition is?
small
