Skin and Integumentary system

Question 1

4 types of membranes

Answer 1

1. serous membranes
2. mucous membranes
3. synovial membranes
4. cutaneous membranes

Question 2

serous membrane

Answer 2

lines certain internal cavities and secretes serous fluid

Question 3

mucous membranes

Answer 3

line cavities with outside contact such as the nasal and oral canals, secretes mucousal fluid

Question 4

synovial membrane

Answer 4

in joints, mainly connective tissue. secretes synovial fluid

Question 5

function of skin

Answer 5

responsible for maintaining homeostasis

provides a protective covering

Question 6

3 layers of the skin

Answer 6

1. epidermis
2. dermis
3. hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Question 7

5 layers of the epidermis and what they do

Answer 7

1. stratum basal (bottom layer)
   
   • nourished by the dermis layer
2. stratum spinosum
   
   • keratinization begins
3. stratum granulosum
   
   • protective barrier
4. stratum lucidum
   
   • only exists on the palms and soles of feet, thick protective layer
5. stratum corneum
   
   • layer that gets shed off

Question 8

what 3 things that affect skin color

Answer 8

1. genetic differences
   
   • more melanin makes darker skin
2. exposure to sun
   
   • we generate more melanin
3. circulation
   
   • oxygenated= pinkish non-oxygenated= blueish

Question 9

Dermis

Answer 9

1. carries nutrients

2. contains nerve fibers, sensory fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 10

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 10

second most common form of skin cancer

• develops in the epidermis
• accumulation of UV exposure

Question 11

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 11

1. occurs in the stratum basal

2. caused by intense UV rays and an accumulation of UV exposure

Question 12

Melanoma

Answer 12

1. most dangerous and deadly form of skin cancer
2. caused by intense UV exposure
3. occurs in the melanocytes in the basal epidermis
4. spreads quickly and can spread to organs

Question 13

subcutaneous layer

Answer 13

1. loose CT and insulating adipose tissue

2. binds the skin to underlying organs

Question 14

hair follicles

Answer 14

1. develop from cells at the base of the hair follicle
2. keratinized
3. is attached to the arrector pili muscle which raises the hair up

Question 15

sebaceous glands

Answer 15

1. secretes sebum
2. waxy oily residue
3. lubricates and waterproofs
4. build up results in clogged pores

Question 16

sweat glands

Answer 16

1. Eccrine
   - respond to physical exertion
2. apocrine
   - nervous sweat, fear, sexually aroused, kids do not have this type of gland until maturation
3. cerumonious
   - modified sweat glands in the ears to produce wax
4. mammary glands
   - modified sweat glands that produce milk