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Infectious Diseases > Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone, Joint > Flashcards

Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone, Joint Flashcards

1
Q

The two most common bacterial infectious agents of skin?

A

Staph aureus, strep pyogenes

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2
Q

The pathogen for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is ____

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

This disease involves separation of the cells of the outer epidermis from one another and underlying tissue. Reddening of the skin begins near the mouth and spreads throughout body. Large blisters followed by peeling of the outer epidermis in sheets occur

A

Staph scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

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4
Q

SSSS primarily affects infants and children

A

5, IV antibiotics

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5
Q

The most superficial skin infection. MC caused by Staph

A

Impetigo (pyoderma)

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6
Q

Is impetigo contagious?

A

YES

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7
Q

____ is a group A Strep skin infection caused by Strep pyogenes. It is characterized by a bright red face secondary to dermal dilation of capillaries. Also contagious.

A

Erysipelas

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8
Q

Erysipelas can lead to this kidney infection

A

Glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

Which is deeper: erysipelas or cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis

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10
Q

Most common cause of cellulitis?

A

Streptococcus

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11
Q

Which is larger: furuncle or carbuncle?

A

Carbuncle

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12
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles and carbuncles are caused by ___ infection of hair follicles

A

Staph

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13
Q

The worst example of a skin infection is _____. It is flesh eating, starts as cellulitis and invades the fascia.

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

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14
Q

The two most common organisms causing necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  1. Strep

2. Clostridium

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15
Q

Tx of necrotizing fasciitis is surgical debridement, meaning _____

A

Scrape the dead tissue

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16
Q

Mortality rate of necrotizing fasciitis without Tx is __%

A

80%

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17
Q

Gram + anaerobic bacillus that causes Gas Gangrene. This pathogen lives and feeds on nutrients released by dead cells (secondary to gun shot wounds, trauma, fx)

A

Clostridium perfringens

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18
Q

T/F: Gas Gangrene is a medical emergency

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Gas under the skin is called ____

A

Crepitus

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20
Q

The most common body tissue infected by Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)?

A

Skin (Cutaneous)

21
Q

Patients present with itching, followed by appearance of a raised lesion that turns into a black eschar in 7-10 days

A

Anthrax

22
Q

Transmission of anthrax is through direct contact of ____ (form of bacteria) with breaks in the skin

A

Endospore

23
Q

Herpes infections are diagnosed by a ____ smear

A

Tzanck

24
Q

____ infections are recurrent because the virus enters nerve cells and remains dormant until stress or other disease states come along

A

Herpes simplex

25
Q

____ syndrome can be caused by giving children ASPIRIN who are with herpes zoster/varicella (chicken pox). Causes liver and brain damage

A

Reye’s

26
Q

___ is a viral skin infection found in Africa that causes widespread bleeding, among other Sx. It can only be spread after symptoms begin

A

Ebola

27
Q

Ebola symptoms can appear from __-__ days after exposure

A

2-21

28
Q

___ infections cause severe itching of the infected area. They are diagnosed with KOH prep

A

Fungal

29
Q

Dermatophytosis is commonly known as ____

A

Ringworm

30
Q

The MC agents responsible for this fungal infection are Trichophyton and Microsporum

A

Ringworm (dermatophytosis)

31
Q

Trichopyton and microsporum (fungi) use ___ as a source of food

A

Keratin

32
Q

The most common cause of osteomyelitis is ____

A

Staphylococcus

33
Q

___ arthritis causes red, swollen, tender, immobile joint. It is caused by Staph (40%), Strep (30%), or Gram - (20%)

A

Septic

34
Q

The best test for this joint disease is Arthrocentesis (>50,000 WBC is a positive test)

A

Septic arthritis

35
Q

The MCC of this wound infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria). Causes pus formation that is bluish-green

A

Burns

36
Q

____ bites become infected by a gram - rod called Pasteurella multocida. An acute, painful cellulitis develops within 24 hours of bite or scratch

A

Animal

37
Q

____ disease is caused by scratches or bites that introduce bacteria (Bartonella henselae) into skin. Causes enlarged LN for several months

A

Cat-scratch

38
Q

Necrotic tissue/wound (gangrene) that causes tissue (limbs) to turn black is commonly caused by ____

A

Frostbite

39
Q

Lyme disease is caused by a ____ called Borrelia burgdorferi carried by Ixodes (deer tick)

A

Spirochete

40
Q

This disease results in a “target” shaped lesion called erythema chronicum migrans

A

Lyme disease

41
Q

Fluorescent antibody stains are a confirmatory test for _____, in which the vector is a tick. It causes blood vessel damage and spreads from extremities to trunk. Clinical presentation would be a rash on soles and palms

A

Rickettsia

42
Q

Common name for Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

43
Q

____ is caused when a traveler returns from an endemic area. The pathogen is Plasmodium and the vector is the Anopheles mosquito

A

Malaria

44
Q

Ordinary measles are called ____ and German measles are called _____

A

Rubeola, rubella

45
Q

In this disease, a rash appears at the hairline and spreads cephalocaudally over 3 days. Koplik spots appear on the buccal mucosa of the cheeks

A

Measles (rubeola)

46
Q

In this disease a rash begins on the face and spreads cephalocaudally. Lymphadenopathy occurs and forchheimer spots appear on the soft palate

A

German measles (rubella)

47
Q

Roseola infantum affects young children 6-36 months old. It is caused by human herpes virus __. After fever subsides, a rash begins on the neck and trunk and spreads to the face and extremities

A

6

48
Q

This childhood disease causes a mild fever and “slapped cheek” appearance. Sunlight aggravates the rash

A

Erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B19)

Infectious Diseases (3 decks)

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