Skull Flashcards
(34 cards)
Frontal
▪️most anterior bone - forehead, top part of optical cavity, zygomatic process, bone part of sinus
▪️forms as 2 parts but fuses at 8th year of life
Sphenoid
▪️back of eye socket
▪️connects to zygomatic bone, frontal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone, ethmoid bone and palatine bone.
Lacrimal
▪️small bone
▪️where tears drain out- inner corner of eye socket
▪️connected to maxilla, ethmoid, palatine and sphenoid bones.
Ethmoid
▪️part of eye socket
▪️connected to lacrimal, sphenoid, frontal and palatine bones.
Zygomatic (maylar )
▪️cheek bone
▪️prone to fracture if hit
▪️connected to frontal, temporal, maxilla and sphenoid bones.
Maxilla
▪️houses upper teeth
▪️forms roof of mouth
▪️hollow parts due to sinus
Mandible
▪️only movable part- mastication
▪️houses lower teeth
▪️connects to temporal via Temporomandibular Joint.
Parietal
▪️crown of head at the side
▪️connects to frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital bones
Occipital
▪️back of the skull
▪️connects to sphenoid, parietal, temporal and atlas vertebrae.
Inferior Nasal Concha
▪️thin bone
▪️arises from maxilla
▪️lined by mucosa allowing air to warm up before entering body
▪️connected to maxilla
Vomer
▪️Splits nasal cavity in half from the bottom
▪️connects to sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine and maxilla bones
Palatine
▪️aids formation of nasal cavity and top of back of mouth
▪️connects to maxilla, inferior nasal concha, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
Temporal
▪️temple of head
▪️connects to parietal, sphenoid, mandible and occipital bones.
Top of skull
▪️coronal suture going horizontally- border of frontal and parietal bones.
▪️Sagittal suture going vertically- splits parietal bones in 2.
▪️bregma- intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures (soft spot in babies)
▪️lambdoid suture going horizontally- border of parietal and occipital bones.
▪️lambda- intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
▪️sutural bone- very small bones located within the sutural joints between the cranial bones of the skull- when interlocking parts of suture breaks off and regrows.
Cranial Fossae
▪️anterior cranial fossa- frontal lobes of brain
▪️middle cranial fossa- temporal lobes of the brain and pituitary gland
▪️posterior cranial fossa- occipital lobe and cerebellum
Cranial Foramen
▪️foramen ovale- mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve 5)
▪️carotid canal- internal carotid artery
▪️jugular foramen- internal jugular vein (drains the brain), Cranial Nerve 9,10,11
▪️foramen magnum- spinal cord, vertebral arteries
Muscles of facial expression features
▪️subcutaneous- insert directly into skin (Bone-skin)
▪️move the skin to provide facial expression
▪️CN 7 (facial nerve)
▪️2nd pharyngeal arch
Muscles of mastication features
▪️normal skeletal muscles
▪️move mandible at TMJ
▪️CN 5 (trigeminal also nerve)
▪️from 1st pharyngeal arch
Muscles of FE
▪️frontal belly of occipitofrontalis - forehead
▪️orbicularis oculi- around the eye
▪️orbicularis oris- around the mouth
▪️platsyma- around the chin/neck
▪️occipital belly of occipitofrontalis- back of head ontop of occipital bone.
Facial nerve 7
▪️from brain stem
▪️FN7 enters the internal acoustic meatus
▪️exits the skull through stylomastoid foramen- between stylod and mastoid processes
▪️enters at the parotid gland (salivary gland) and branches off
-temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical branches.
Muscles of MC
▪️masseter- elevation and protrusion of mandible (underneath zygomatic bone to jaw line)
▪️temporalis- elevation and retraction of mandible (covers temporal bone and some parts of frontal, parietal and sphenoid)
▪️medial pterygoid- elevation and protrusion of mandible (between sphenoid and maxilla)
▪️lateral pterygoid- protrusion of mandible (inserts on the temporomandibular joint and the condyloid process)
▪️digastric- connects skull to hyoid bone- moves jaw
▪️infrahyoid- 4pairs of muscle attach hyoid bone to clavicle
Trigeminal nerve 5
▪️From brain stem
▪️comes out at foramen ovale
▪️largest cranial nerve
▪️responsible for sensation in face and motor functions- biting and chewing
▪️three branches- ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves
Ophthalmic nerve
▪️purely sensory
Maxillary nerve
▪️purely sensory
