Skull And Its Landmarks

Question 1

What are the 2 sections of the skull?

Answer 1

Neurocranium - 8 cranial bones
Viscerocranium - 14 facial bones

Question 2

What is the function of the neurocranium?

Answer 2

• Protection (of brain)
• Attachment sites for origin and insertion of muscles of facial expression and mastication
• Framework for cranial and orbital cavities

Question 3

Where does the Broca’s area lie?

Answer 3

Left frontal lobe

Question 4

What is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 4

Damage to the Broca’s area causing difficultly moving tongue or facial muscles. The individual can still read and understand spoken language but has difficultly speaking and writing.

Question 5

Where does the Wernicke’s area lie?

Answer 5

Left temporal lobe

Question 6

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 6

Damage to the Wernicke’s area causing individuals to speak in long sentences that have no meaning. They can make speech but have difficulties in understanding speech.

Question 7

What is a cranial suture?

Answer 7

Specialised fibrous connective tissue that connect cranial bones

Question 8

What are the 5 main cranial sutures?

Answer 8

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamosal
Metopic

Question 9

Where is the coronal suture located?

Answer 9

Unites the frontal bone with the parietal bones (where the crown sits)

Question 10

Where is the sagittal suture located?

Answer 10

On top of the skull and unites the left and right parietal bones in the midline

Question 11

Where is the lambdoid suture located?

Answer 11

Back of skull and unites the left and right parietal bones with the occipital bones. (Upside down V shape)

Question 12

Where is the squamosal suture located?

Answer 12

Side of skull and unites the squamous portion of the temporal bone with the parietal bones.

Question 13

Where is the metopic suture located?

Answer 13

If present, it’s at the font of the skull and unites the two frontal bones.

Question 14

What are the 8 cranial bones?

Answer 14

Sphenoid (1)
Temporal (2)
Ethmoid (1)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Frontal (1)

Question 15

What type of bone is the frontal bone?

Answer 15

Flat bone

Question 16

Functions of the frontal bone?

Answer 16

Provides structure to skull, eye orbits and upper face.
Protects frontal lobe
Aids in facial expressions (frontalis muscle attaches to frontal bone)

Question 17

Where is the frontal bone located?

Answer 17

Front of cranium

Question 18

What type of bone is the parietal bones?

Answer 18

Flat bone

Question 19

Functions of parietal bones?

Answer 19

Provide structure and protection to cranial cavity
Protect parietal lobe

Question 20

Where are the parietal bones located?

Answer 20

Superior and lateral walls of cranium
(Top of head)

Question 21

What type of bone is the occipital bone?

Answer 21

Flat bone

Question 22

What is the function of occipital bone?

Answer 22

Provides structure to the skill
Provides attachment for muscles
Protects occipital lobe
Forms the foramen magnum (opening that connects brain to spinal cord)

Question 23

What’s the location of the occipital bone?

Answer 23

Back of skull

Question 24

What type of bone is the temporal bones?

Answer 24

Irregular

Question 25

What is the function of the temporal bone?

Answer 25

Provide structure to the skill and protection brain The styloid process is an attachment point for muscles (tongue and larynx) Contain middle and inner part of ear Forms part of temporomandibular joint

Question 26

Where is the temporal bone located?

Answer 26

Pairs of bones on side of head

Question 27

What is the function of the viscerocranium?

Answer 27

Provides structure and support for soft tissues of the face and houses the teeth

Question 28

What bone type is the ethmoid bone?

Answer 28

Unpaired, spongy and lightweight irregular bone

Question 29

Where is the ethmoid bone located?

Answer 29

Situated in the paranasal sinuses, at the roof of the nasal cavity, between the eye sockets.

Question 30

What does the ethmoid bone help form?

Answer 30

Nasal septum Roof and lateral walls of nose Mesial wall of orbital cavity

Question 31

What are the four parts of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 31

Cribriform plate x1 Perpendicular plate x1 Ethmoid labyrinths x2

Question 32

What is the cribriform plate?

Answer 32

Part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity and is perforated by numerous olfactory fibres to allow nerves to pass through

Question 33

What is the perpendicular plate?

Answer 33

Part of the ethmoid bone; thin, quadrilateral plate that forms the superior two thirds of the nasal septum, descends in the midline from the cribriform plate.

Question 34

What are ethmoid labyrinths?

Answer 34

Large masses located either side of perpendicular plate; contain ethmoid air cells (sinuses)

Question 35

What can fracture of the cribriform plate cause?

Answer 35

Anosmia (loss of smell)

Question 36

What can a ethmoid labyrinth fracture cause?

Answer 36

Communication between nasal cavity and orbit (orbital emphysema)

Question 37

What type of bone is the sphenoid bone?

Answer 37

Unpaired, irregular bone.

Question 38

What is the structure of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 38

1x body 2x lesser wings 2x greater wings 2x pterygoid processes

Question 39

Where is the pituitary gland housed?

Answer 39

Hypophyseal (Stella turcica); bony depression in sphenoid bone

Question 40

What’s a foramen?

Answer 40

Opening or gap in bone that allows nerves and blood vessels to travel through

Question 41

Where are the foramina in the sphenoid bone?

Answer 41

3 in each greater wing Rotundum Ovale Spinosum

Question 42

What part of sphenoid bone do the muscles of mastication attach?

Answer 42

Lateral pterygoid plate

Question 43

What does the sphenoid bone contribute too?

Answer 43

Nasal cavity Mesial wall of optic canal Middle cranial fossa Base and natural sides of skull Orbital floor

Question 44

What are the 2 pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 44

Lateral pterygoid plate - attachment of MoM Medial pterygoid plate - posterior opening of nasal cavity

Question 45

What foramen carries the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 45

Rotundum

Question 46

What foramen carries the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 46

Ovale

Question 47

What foramen carries the middle meningeal vessels and the meningeal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 47

Spinosum

Question 48

What is the function of the viscerocranium?

Answer 48

Protect brain House and protect sense organs Provides framework for the soft tissues of the face Facilitate; eating, facial expression, breathing and speech Form of face

Question 49

What are the 14 facial bones?

Answer 49

Vomer x1 Inferior nasal Conchae x2 Nasal bones x2 Maxilla x2 Mandible x1 Palatine bones x2 Zygomatic bones x2 Lacrimal bones x2

Question 50

Function of the nasal bones?

Answer 50

2 slender oblong facial bones that form the shape of the nose

Question 51

Function of the inferior concha?

Answer 51

Increase the surface area of nasal cavity to increased the amount of inspired air that contacts the mucous membrane within nose; filters, warms and humidifies the air.

Question 52

What is the vomer bone?

Answer 52

Thin, singular, facial bone that runs vertically down nose, forms nasal septum

Question 53

What are the lacrimal bones?

Answer 53

Paired facial bone and the smallest Forms the most anterior part of medial wall of the orbit Supports eyes Part of nasolacrimal duct

Question 54

What are the maxilla bones?

Answer 54

2 irregular shaped bones fused together by the intermaxillary suture

Question 55

What do the maxilla bones form?

Answer 55

Maxillary dental arch (hold teeth) Mesial border of orbit Side of nasal cavity

Question 56

What are the zygomatic bones?

Answer 56

2 irregular diamond shaped facial bones that form the cheek bones

Question 57

What do the zygomatic bones provide and contribute to?

Answer 57

An attachment point for the masseter muscle Contribute to; zygomatic arch, walls of temporal and infra-temporal fossa, floor and lateral walls of bony orbit.

Question 58

What does the mandible form and what’s are its functions?

Answer 58

Lower jaw and jaw line Houses the lower set of teeth Assists in mastication and speech

Question 59

What is the mandible composed of?

Answer 59

Body of mandible and ramus

Question 60

What 2 bones from the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 60

Temporal and mandible bone

Question 61

What are the palatine bones?

Answer 61

2 paired L shape facial bones that help form the hard palate, nasal cavity and eye socket

Question 62

What nerves do the palatine bones house?

Answer 62

Lesser and greater palatine

Question 63

Where is the palatine bone located?

Answer 63

At the back of the nasal cavity, between the maxilla and pterygoid process of sphenoid bone

Question 64

What are torus palatinus?

Answer 64

Painless, hard bony lumps on the palate caused from overgrowth of palatine bone. Can impede speech and eating.

Question 65

What is the inferior concha?

Answer 65

Smallest facial bone and found inside the nasal cavity

Question 66

What is the orbit?

Answer 66

Cavity that surrounds and provides mechanical protection to the eye and soft tissue surrounding

Question 67

How many and which bones form the orbit?

Answer 67

7 (3 cranial and 4 facial) Sphenoid Ethmoid Frontal Zygomatic Lacrimal Maxilla Palatine

Question 68

What is a fossa?

Answer 68

Shallow depression

Question 69

What are the 3 intracranial fossae?

Answer 69

Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa

Question 70

What nerve runs through the ethmoid bone?

Answer 70

Olfactory nerve - smell

Question 71

Which inter-cranial fossa is located centrally in the cranial floor?

Answer 71

Middle cranial fossa

Question 72

Which inter-cranial fossa is most shallow and superior of the cranial fossae and accommodates part of the frontal lobe?

Answer 72

Anterior cranial fossa

Question 73

Which cranial fossa accommodates the temporal lobes of the brain and what are they responsible for?

Answer 73

Middle cranial fossa Responsible for; Understanding language Memory Hearing Organisation

Question 74

What is the slender u shaped bones that lies just below the mandible?

Answer 74

Hyoid bone

Question 75

What are the functions of the hyoid bone?

Answer 75

It aids the tongue in movement and swallowing Holds up the larynx

Question 76

Which cranial fossa is the deepest, accommodates brain stem and cerebellum?

Answer 76

Posterior cranial fossa

Question 77

Which fossa contains the muscles of mastication?

Answer 77

Infratemporal fossa

Question 78

Where is the infratemporal fossa located?

Answer 78

Irregular shaped cavity below and medial to zygomatic arch

Question 79

Which muscles originate and insert at the borders of the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 79

Masseter and temporalis

Question 80

Which muscles are within the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 80

Lateral and medial pterygoid muscle

Question 81

Which division of nerve does the infratemporal fossa carry?

Answer 81

Posterior division of mandibular nerve (ID blocks)

Question 82

Which division of nerve does the pterygopalatine fossa carry?

Answer 82

Maxillary division; enters through rotundum foramen (Maxillary infiltrations)

Question 83

Which fossa has walls formed by the maxilla, palatine and sphenoid bones?

Answer 83

Pterygopalatine fossa