Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

What is OSAS?

Answer 1

Obstruction of Upper airways during sleep

Question 2

What can cause OSAS?

Answer 2

Muscle relaxation
Narrow Pharynx
Obesity

Question 3

What are some symptoms of OSAS?

Answer 3

Oxygen Desaturation during sleep
Micro-arousals
Sleep disturbance- unrefreshing sleep
Daytime somnolence 
Poor daytime concentration 
Heavy Snoring

Question 4

Investigations?

Answer 4

Clinical History
Epworth Questionnaire- rate chance of dozing on various activities
-polysomnography
-pulse oximetry
-limited sleep study

Question 5

Why is it bad?

Answer 5

• Leads to poor quality of life
• Increased risk of RTA
• Increased risk of HTN and stroke

Question 6

Treatment of OSAS?

Answer 6

• Avoid alcohol & tobacco smoke
• Don’t drive
• CPAP
• Weight loss
• Mandibular repositioning splint

Question 7

OSAS in children?

Answer 7

• Presents as Hypoventilation at night
• Associated with open mouth breathing
• Enlarged tonsils- treat by tonsillectomy
• common in pre-school kids.

Question 8

Mild OSAS

Answer 8

5-15 desaturation per hour

Question 9

Moderate OSAS?

Answer 9

15-30 desaturations per hour

Question 10

Severe?

Answer 10

> 30 desaturations per hour

Question 11

Normal people?

Answer 11

0-5 desaturations per hour

Question 12

What can cause Sleeplessness?

Answer 12

• Medication

- Melatonin levels

Question 13

Define Melatonin

Answer 13

Hormone which regulates sleep/ wake cycles

Question 14

What can cause excessive daytime sleepiness?

Answer 14

• Not enough sleep
• OSAS
• Narcolepsy