SMALL GROUP STUFF we didn't learn in lecture Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in SMALL GROUP STUFF we didn't learn in lecture Deck (19)
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1
Q

What is a Berry Aneurysm?

A

More frequent cause of Sub-Arachnoid hemorrhage (other causes include AV malformation for example)

Berry Aneurysm = thin walled saccular outpouching that lack media layer and are at increased risk for rupture

  • Anterior Circle of Willis branch points and anterior communicating artery most common
2
Q

Most common cause of death in people with CNS Motor Disorders?

A

Pneumonia!!! Dysphagia and inability to swallow leads to increased risk of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia

4
Q

What is a Da Blocker used for Chorea?

A

Tetrabenazine - suppresses ONLY Chorea and not other symptoms

6
Q

What things other than HD can cause chorea?

A

Stroke - acute hemochorea/ballismus esp if in Subthalamic Nucles Hyperglycemia or metabolic disorders

8
Q

What is the motor problem in Asterixis?

A

Liver Flap Sign or sign of Encephalopathy from toxins, infections, or metabolic *NEGATIVE Myoclonus - sudden cessation of muscle activity can’t keep limbs up or muscle activation disappears

10
Q

What’s the difference in White Matter plaques between PML and MS?

A

PML - moth eaten white matter thats yellow from lipid-laden macrophages coming in to clean up burst OLIGODENDROCYTES

MS - plaques are around ventricles, well circumscribed and gray

12
Q

What is Cerebral Pontine Myelinolysis? Who gets it?

A

Disease of people w/ chronic Hyponatremia (esp in chronic alcoholics with low albumin and osmolyte disturbances anyways)

Present with progressive tetraplegia - Locked In syndrome

Oligodendrocyte myelinolysis in Pons (where all axons from brain have to exit)

14
Q

What is the presentation of Neurosyphilis in the SC?

A

Tabes Dorsalis *LOSS OF MYELIN AND AXONS IN DORSAL COLUMNS leading to impairment in proprioception and sensation

16
Q

Compare Spinal Lesions of ALS, Tabes Dorsalis, and B12 deficiency

A

ALS - deterioration of Lateral Columns

Tabes - Deterioration of DORSAL columns

B12- Deterioration of BOTH Lateral and Dorsal columns

18
Q

What lobe does HSV1 like?

A

TEMPORAL LOBE hemorrhagic encephalitis

20
Q

What is pathognomonic for HIV1 encephalitis?

A

Microglial nodule

22
Q

What disease in vades the Virchow Robbin spaces and what the heck are those anyways?

A

Cryptococcus Meningitis! Invades the perivascular subpial spaces leading to expansion of the spaces and “bubbly” appearance grossly

24
Q

DIFFERENTIAL FOR FOCAL NECROTIC MASSES IN AIDS PTS:

A

1) Toxoplasmosis – treat and if that doesn’t work then its…
2) Lymphoma

26
Q

What is the presentation for Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage?

A

Sudden - Thunderclap HA + nuchal rigidity

Lumbar puncture shows Xanthochromia - yellowish stuff from Bilirubin breakdown

27
Q

What disease process can look like B12 defiiciency? What does that look like?

A

HIV Vacuolar Myopathy! Can look like B12 deficiency with combined degeneration of the dorsal and lateral tracts

28
Q

Why is methadone so good?

A

Good bc helps people from relapsing on opiates…

When you relapse on opiates, you’ve had neural changes and your potential for respiratory depression and death is much higher

29
Q

What drugs are Inducing agents and increase metabolism of other drugs? Whats the problem w/ these drugs in Drug additction?

A

Rifampin

Phenytoin

Pehnobarbital

Carbamazepine

Nivrapine

Sustiva

Ethosuch

Chronic Alchohol

PRoblem w/ Methadone treatment nc can lead to fulmminant withdrawal

30
Q

What drugs are P450 metabolism blockers? ….like they decrease metabolism of other drugs

A

Alot of HIV meds like Ritonavir

Fluconazole and Ketoconazole

Omeprazole

Metronidazole

Erythromycin/Clarythromycin

Acute Alchol use

31
Q

what are the 3 drugs that you give for Opioid Treatment, Maintenance and dependence?

A

Methadone - full agonist at Mu receptor site

Buprenorphine - Partial Mu agonist and Kappa antagonist (less respiratory depression and behavioral changes)

Naltrexone - Mu receptor Antagonist