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GI Anaotmy > Small Intestine > Flashcards

Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

what is included in the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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2
Q

what are villi?

A

finger like projections on epithelium

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3
Q

what are crypts of Lieberkuhn?

A

crypts between adjacent villi

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4
Q

what are enterocytes?

A

the principle absorptive cell
most numerous cell in small intetsine
tall columnar cells with a brush border

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5
Q

what domgobelt cells do?

A

produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricste passageway for material

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6
Q

what are panted cells?

A

cells found at the base of Lieberkuhn crypts
protective function - regulate bacterial flora

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7
Q

what are enteroendocrine cells?

A

cells that produce hormones
contribute to control of secretion and motility

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8
Q

what are stem cells?

A

cells that divide to replenish epithelium
found at bottom of crypts of Lieberkun

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9
Q

where does the duodenum start and end?

A

starts at the pylors
ends at duodenojejunal junction

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10
Q

what does the duodenum receive?

A

chyme from the stomach

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11
Q

what shape is the duodenum?

A

C

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12
Q

how many parts is the duodenum split into?

A

4
superior
descending
horizontal
ascenidng

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13
Q

what vertebral level is the superior duodenum?

A

L1

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14
Q

what vertebral level is the descending duodenum?

A

L1-3

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15
Q

what vertebral level is the horizontal duodenum?

A

L3

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16
Q

what vertebral level is the ascending duodenum?

A

L3-2

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17
Q

what part pf the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

superior duodenumw

18
Q

what parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

descending
horizontal
ascending

19
Q

where is the descending duodenum?

A

it curves inferiorly around the head of the pancreas
it is marked by major duodenal papilla where bile and pancreatic secretions enter from the ampulla of Vater

20
Q

where is the horizontal duodenum?

A

travels laterally to the left, crossing over the inferior vena cava and aorta
inferior to the pancreas
posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein

21
Q

where is the ascending duodenum?

A

ascends and curves anteriorly to join the jejunum at a sharp turn - duodenojejunal flexure

22
Q

what does the duodenum secret?

A

peptide hormones - i.e gastrin, CCK

23
Q

where does pain from a duodenal ulcer tend to present?

A

epigastric region

24
Q

where are Brunner’s glands?

A

in the submucosa of the duodenum
- only glands in digestive tract below the oesophagus

25
Q

what do Brunner’s glands do?

A

when stimulated by chyme they produce a thin alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme

26
Q

what part of the duodenum does the superior gastroduodenal artery supply?

A

the foregut - the bit proximal to the major duodenal papilla

27
Q

what part of the duodenum does the inferior pacreaticoduodenal artery (branch of superior mesenteric artery) supply?

A

the midgut - the bit distal to the major duodenal papilla

28
Q

where do the veins of the duodenum drain?

A

they follow the major arteries and drain into the hepatic portal vein

29
Q

is the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

retroperitonela

30
Q

how long is the jejunum?

A

around 3m

31
Q

how long is the ileum?

A

around 4m

32
Q

where does the jejunum start?

A

at the duodenaljujunal jucntion
around L2

33
Q

where does the ileum end?

A

ileocaecal junction

34
Q

is there a junction between the jejunum and ileum?

A

no clear junction
macroscopically different

35
Q

what is the mucosa of the jejunum like?

A

highly folded - plicae circularis

36
Q

what is the mucosa of the ileum like in comparison to the jujunum?

A

much smoother

37
Q

what is the histology of the jejunum?

A

tallest villi on permanent circular folds of mucosa (plicae circulars)
infrequent lymphoid follicles

38
Q

what is the histology of the ileum?

A

shorter villi
aggregations of lymphoid tissue - Peyer’s patches

39
Q

where are Payer’s patches found?

A

in the submucosa of the ileum often extending to the lamina propria

40
Q

what is the arterial blood supply of the jejunum and ileum?

A

from the superior mesenteric artery via the jejunal and ileal arteries

41
Q

what is the venous drainage of the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunal and ileal veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein
which drains into the hepatic portal vein

GI Anaotmy (9 decks)

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