small intestine

Question 1

the small intestine compromises of 3 parts what are they?

Answer 1

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 2

what is the primary function of the small intestine?

Answer 2

digestion and absorption

Question 3

the small intestine is partially retroperitoneal, what does this mean?

Answer 3

occurring behind peritoneum

Question 4

what type of membrane does the small intestine have and how does this aid its function?

Answer 4

serous membrane (mesothelium) - allows smoother movement and prevents friction

Question 5

what is the parietal peritoneum of the small intestine?

Answer 5

portion that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 6

what is the visceral peritoneum of the small intestine?

Answer 6

covers external surfaces of most abdominal organs

Question 7

what is peritoneum?

Answer 7

thin membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers most abdominal viscera

Question 8

what is mesentery?

Answer 8

double layer of parietal peritoneum

Question 9

what is omenta?

Answer 9

double fold of peritoneum, fatty tissue that hangs down, moves around and wraps round site of infection

Question 10

what is chyme?

Answer 10

gunny stomach material mixed with Hal

Question 11

what stomach liquid does the duodenum receive?

Answer 11

chyme

Question 12

what part of the small intestine the the Brunner’s gland contained within?

Answer 12

duodenum

Question 13

what is the function of the Brunner’s gland?

Answer 13

produce alkaline secretion which neutralise stomach juice

Question 14

what is the sphincter of oddi?

Answer 14

muscular valve that controls flow of digestive juices

Question 15

ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder enter the duodenum where?

Answer 15

major duodenal papilla

Question 16

as pancreatic juices and made the they flow into the pancreatic duct which the goes onto join with which duct?

Answer 16

common bile duct

Question 17

which two secretions enter the pancreas through the common bile duct?

Answer 17

bile and pancreatic juice

Question 18

where does the duodenum end and the jejunum start?

Answer 18

duodenojejunal junction

Question 19

what is the name of the hormone which stimulates release of bile into intestine and secretion of enzymes by the pancreas?

Answer 19

cholecystokinin

Question 20

what is the function of the hormone cholecystokinin?

Answer 20

stimulates release of bile into intestine and secretion of enzymes by the pancreas by constricting the gallbladder and moving bile into the duodenum to digest fat

Question 21

what re the 4 parts of the duodenum?

Answer 21

superior, descending, interior, ascending

Question 22

why can problems in the duodenum be potentially catastrophic?

Answer 22

it is near major blood vessels

Question 23

what is the name of the largest blood vessel in the body which drains everything under the heart?

Answer 23

inferior vena cava

Question 24

what is a complication of the duodenum?

Answer 24

duodenal ulcer

Question 25

where is the jejunum?

Answer 25

above bellybutton

Question 26

where is the ileum?

Answer 26

bellow bellybutton towards groin

Question 27

which compartment are the jejunum and ileum found in?

Answer 27

infra colic

Question 28

what is the ileocaecal junction?

Answer 28

border between large and small intetsine

Question 29

what is the function of the jejunum?

Answer 29

digestion (brush border enzymes) and absorption

Question 30

what is the main function of the ileum?

Answer 30

absorption

Question 31

name the structural layers of the small intestine

Answer 31

lumen, mucosa, submucosa, muscular externa, adventitia

Question 32

what are the two plexuses in the small intestine?

Answer 32

sub mucous plexus and myenteric plexus

Question 33

name the 3 projections of the small intestine that increase surface area

Answer 33

traverse folds, villi, microvilli

Question 34

what happens when the projections of the small intestine are damaged?

Answer 34

patient cannot absorb nutrients

Question 35

what is peyers patch?

Answer 35

collection of inflammatory cells in the wall of the ileum

Question 36

what is the name of intestinal absorptive cells in the small intestine?

Answer 36

enterocytes

Question 37

which epithelial cells are in the small intestine?

Answer 37

simple columnar

Question 38

where are brush border enzymes found?

Answer 38

embedded in microvilli

Question 39

what is the function of brush border enzymes?

Answer 39

allow digestion

Question 40

what is the clinical term for outpouring of the ileal mucosa?

Answer 40

meckels diverticulum

Question 41

what is the name for the abnormality which causes coeliac disease?

Answer 41

villous atrophy

Question 42

patients with coeliac disease may complain of?

Answer 42

weight loss, diarrhoea, fatigue

Question 43

where does the pancreatic duct join?

Answer 43

common bile duct

Question 44

what do enzymes in pancreatic juice digest?

Answer 44

protein

Question 45

what is the function of brush border enzymes?

Answer 45

digestion

Question 46

the microvilli in the small intestine are known as?

Answer 46

brush border

Question 47

what is the name of the group of inflammatory cells in the wall of the small intestine?

Answer 47

peyers patch

Question 48

absorptive cells in the small intestine are known as?

Answer 48

enterocytes