Social Class & Educational Achievement - internal Factors

Question 1

What is labelling?

Answer 1

Refers to attaching an identity/meaning to somebody and basing your behaviour toward them on this

Question 2

What can stereotypes from labelling lead to?

Answer 2

Teachers holding stereotypes can lead to a ‘halo effect’ where the former impressions of a student influence all future interactions between them

Question 3

What did Dunne and Gazeley find about labelling when they interviewed teachers?

Answer 3

Working class failure was 'normalised' and they seemed unconcerned about them 
Whereas middle class students failing was seen as more of a concern

Question 4

What’s a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 4

When the label given to a student impacts their ‘self concept’ resulting in a self fulfilling prophecy when the student internalises the teachers expectations and act on this

Question 5

What is setting?

Answer 5

Refers to placing students into different ability groups where they are taught separately from other student for specific subjects

Question 6

What’s steaming?

Answer 6

Refers to placing students into different ability groups where they’re taught deeper steely from other stunner for ALL subjects

Question 7

What is a student subculture?

Answer 7

A group of students who share similar values and behaviour patterns but some of which will differ from main stream society

Question 8

What did lacy argue that subculture form due to?

Answer 8

Differentiations - students categorised due to their perceived ability

Polotisation-students respond to the stream they are out into by moving to an extent type of behaviour

Question 9

What are the 5 explanations for factors that are international to the school influencing achievement?

Answer 9

Labelling 
Self-fulfilling prophecy 
Streaming
Pupil subcultures 
Class identities & the school

Question 10

what evidence is there for self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 10

Rosenthal and Jacobsen performed a field experiment where they told the school they had identified spurters when really then had randomly picked 20%of the pupils.
-they found that the students they told the teacher about ha d made more progress,suggesting the teacher label leads to a students achievement

Question 11

What did Gilbourn and Yodell find about sets and steams?

Answer 11

• teachers use stereotypes and social class when placing students in sets and streams
• lower class were more likely to be placed in lower sets and streams and therefor entered for lower exams restricting their ability to get higher grades
• since league tables schools only focus on the A to C economy and ignore anyone below this line and working class became known as a ‘hopeless case’

Question 12

what did haregreaves argue about students placed in lower sets and streams?

Answer 12

they were often labelled as trouble makers and rebelled against schools
-they saw themselves as ‘triple failures’ as they had failed 11+ exams,been put into lower streams and then labelled by teacher

Question 13

what does habitus mean?

Answer 13

refers to the learned ways of thinking and acting that are learnt and shared by a different social class e.g

• music taste
• diet
• clothes