SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS TO 1914

Question 1

between 1867 and 1917, Russias urban population quadrupled from … to …. million?

Answer 1

7 to 28 million.

Question 2

by 1914, ………. of the population of St Petersburg were peasants by birth?

Answer 2

three quarters.

Question 3

conditions in the town were …?

Answer 3

grim.

Question 4

were wages good at this time?

Answer 4

no - varied but generally failed to keep pace with inflation.

Question 5

between 1885 and 1912 a series of decrees attempted to …?

Answer 5

improve conditions.

Question 6

give 3 of the decrees attempting to improve conditions?

Answer 6

1. reducing working hours.
2. enforcing the use of contracts.
3. banning the employment of children under 12.

Question 7

in 1914 many strikes happened and there were ….. stoppages?

Answer 7

3000.

Question 8

conditions for peasant farmers did ……..?

Answer 8

not improve substantially.

Question 9

kulaks prospered, but life became harder for …?

Answer 9

poorer peasants.

Question 10

a minority of peasants migrated to …?

Answer 10

siberia.

Question 11

there were not enough …?

Answer 11

teachers.

Question 12

around ..% illiterate?

Answer 12

60%.

Question 13

around …. of nobles land was transferred to the urban m/c or peasants between 1861and 1905?

Answer 13

1/3.

Question 14

• changes to nobles (2)?

Answer 14

1. some nobles struggled to meet debts.
2. some proved unable to adapt to modern business practices in managing estates.

Question 15

little changes to nobles (2)?

Answer 15

1. taxes weren’t redistributed.
2. nobles retained influence in govt office (zemstva/provincial governorships).

Question 16

+ changes to nobles (2)?

Answer 16

1. some did well out of land distribution.
2. some prospered by turning to industrial enterprises.

Question 17

what layer increased in society as demand for managers and professionals grew?

Answer 17

middle layer increased.

Question 18

how did the middle layer express their views?

Answer 18

through zemstva, town and state Dumas.

Question 19

why did social mobility start to occur?

Answer 19

nobles sons chose to join business world and peasants sons chose to become middle managers.

Question 20

what is social mobility?

Answer 20

the ability of people to move up or down the social class system.

Question 21

population growth and economic development most affected…?

Answer 21

the workers and peasantry.

Question 22

countryside - political …… was starting to take place?

Answer 22

activism.

Question 23

what did the large and discontent working class do in 1917?

Answer 23

overthrow the tsarist regime.

Question 24

cultural change - new opportunities for ..?

Answer 24

women.

Question 25

cultural change - 2 new opportunities for women?

Answer 25

education or independence through factory work.

Question 26

cultural change - improvements in education had reduced ....?

Answer 26

illiteracy.

Question 27

cultural change - what did it impact that more books and publications were being published?

Answer 27

writers and artists dressed problems in Russian society through their works.

Question 28

cultural change - ....... was relaxed from 1905?

Answer 28

censorship.

Question 29

cultural continuity - the orthodox church continued to ...?

Answer 29

influence both government and community.

Question 30

cultural continuity - outpouring of ....

Answer 30

patriotism and support for tsar.