Social Psychology Flashcards Preview

AATBS EPPP 2017 COPY COPY > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Social Psychology Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

schemata (schemas) are:

A

organized, interconnected mental networks of information
based on previous personal and social experiences
help process knowledge that allows you to make judgements and predict future actions

2
Q

prototypes are:

A

more abstract than schemata

knowledge about most ideal or representative example of a particular category of people

3
Q

Scripts are:

A

aka, event schemas

provide knowledge about appropriate sequence of behaviors in particular social situations

4
Q

What is a “central trait”?

A

Traits that provide unique information, are associated with a late number of other characteristics, and carry more weight (i.e., “warm” vs “cold”)

5
Q

Heuristics are:

A

mental shortcuts used when making attributions and other social judgments

6
Q

types of heuristics

A

Representativeness
Availability
Simulation
Anchoring and Adjustment

7
Q

basing judgment about likelihood something belongs to a category based on how representative they are while ignoring probability data.

A

Representativeness heuristic

8
Q

judging likelihood or frequency of an event based on how easy it is to retrieve info about it from LT memory

A

Availability Heuristic

9
Q

using mental simulations of event to determine likelihood that the event will happen

A

Simulation Heuristic

10
Q

using an initial value (anchor) as basis for making judgment or estimate.

A

Anchoring and Adjustment

11
Q

Gain-loss effect

A

like others who initially dislike us then change mind

needs to reflect a true “change of heart”

12
Q

self-perception theory

A

when internal cues are insufficient or difficult to interpret, we acquire info about self by observing external behaviors and/or context

13
Q

elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

A

Central route –> systematic processing of info

  • -best when: message is interesting/important; ability to process info; listener in neutral or slightly negative mood
  • -extent of attitude change depends on QUALITY of the argument
  • -message is important
  • -Messenger is not high status

Peripheral route –> relies on mental shortcuts (heuristics)

  • -best when: listener is unmotivated due to boring or unimportant message; lacks ability to process message; listener is in a POSITIVE mood
  • -attitude change depends on QUANTITY of arguments, presence of persuasive cues (attractiveness, status).
  • -message is UNimportant; message appeals to FEAR
  • -Messenger: high status, appealing
14
Q

Cognitive Errors/Biases

A
Base rate fallacy
Confirmation bias
illusory correlation
false consensus effect
gambler's fallacy
15
Q

Attribution Errors

A

Fundamental attribution error (OTHERS)
–> underestimate situational
–> overestimate dispositional
actor-observer effect (SELF) – opposite of fundamental
–>overestimate situational
–>underestimate dispositional
self-serving bias (SELF)
–> Failures: low dispositional + high situational
–> Successes: high dispositional + low situational

16
Q

Group Tasks

A

Additive –> group product is sum of all members’ contribution
Complimentary –> each member contributes different abilities
CONjunctive –> product determined by LEAST competent member
DISjunctive –> product determined by MOST skilled member
Compensatory –> average of all members’ input

17
Q

Types of Aggression

A

relational:

  • -proactive–> aggression used as means to social goal
  • -reactive –> aggression in response to provocation; intent to retaliate
18
Q

Threats of retaliation work if:

A

Retaliator is high status/power

Threats increase aggression if retaliator has previously provoked person

19
Q

Misattribution of memory (Schacter)

A

source confusion
cyptomnesia: can’t recall if you or someone else generated the idea
false recall/false recognition

20
Q

Azjen’s theory of planned behavior

A

3 components to behavioral intention:
attitude
beliefs
perceived behavioral control

21
Q

Primacy vs recency effect

A

Primacy

  • 2nd message immediately after 1st
  • measure of attitude change is LATER time

Recency

  • 2nd message is after period of time passes
  • measure of attitude change is IMMEDIATELY after 2nd message
22
Q

Heider’s Balance Theory

A

relationship between person [P], other person [O], and an object/thing [X].

balance: when two people like same thing
imbalance: when 2 people do not like same thing - causes attitude change toward other person or the object

23
Q

Social Judgment Theory

A

3 categories of judgment to evaluate a persuasive message:

  • latitude of acceptance
  • latitude of rejection
  • latitude of non-commitment