Social Studies Ch 4

Question 1

Many ___ did not like being ruled by Spain.

Answer 1

Mexicans

Question 2

Under Spain’s Rule, people born in Mexico of Spanish parents, the ___, could not hold good jobs.

Answer 2

criollos

Question 3

Spain treated people of both European and Indian Heritage, the ___, even worse.

Answer 3

mestizos

Question 4

Mexico fought a war to win its ___ from Spain.

Answer 4

independence

Question 5

After the war, most of the Spanish speaking people of Alta California, the ___, welcome to Mexican rule.

Answer 5

Californios

Question 6

The new government ended the church ruled mission system in California and ordered the ___ of the missions.

Answer 6

secularization

Question 7

To attract people to California, the Mexican government offered gifts of land, or ___ ___.

Answer 7

land grants

Question 8

If someone wanted land, he or she wrote a letter that included a hand-drawn map. The map, called a ___, showed the boundaries of the land.

Answer 8

diseno

Question 9

Many settlers started large cattle ranches, called ___.

Answer 9

rancho

Question 10

These had a main house, called the ___, and pasture for cattle and horses.

Answer 10

hacienda

Question 11

Before the war, the ___ of California where closed to foreign ships.

Answer 11

ports

Question 12

Once ships were allowed to dock, trade became important to the ___.

Answer 12

economy

Question 13

When a ship arrived, people would ___ one item for another.

Answer 13

barter

Question 14

Traders wanted ___ to make soap and candles.

Answer 14

tallow

Question 15

The Spanish-speaking people of California, the ___, needed things they could not get in California.

Answer 15

Californios

Question 16

Life on a rancho was very interesting. There was always much work, or ___, to be done.

Answer 16

labor

Question 17

Cowhands called ___ were skilled at using a rope called a ___ to round up the rancho’s cattle.

Answer 17

vaqueros,

reata

Question 18

Sometimes these workers would mark young cattle with a ___ to show the cattle belong to that rancho.

Answer 18

brand

Question 19

Even with all the work, people on the Rancho still found time to celebrate. Large parties, or __, could last for days, and people traveled from far away to attend.

Answer 19

fiestas

Question 20

What role did women play on the ranchos?

Answer 20

Some ran their own ranchos; others helped families run their ranchos; worked with cattle; some were vaqueros.

Question 21

Who was Lorenzo Asisara?

Answer 21

an Indian living at Mission Santa Cruz who told of the bad treatment of Indians

Question 22

What was Lorenzo Asisara’s complaint?

Answer 22

Indians were only given unproductive, old mares

Question 23

How could vaqueros recognize the cattle in their rancho’s herds?

Answer 23

by looking at their brands, the marks burned into their hides

Question 24

T or F: The leaders of Alta CA met in Monterey in April 1822 and accepted Mexican rule.

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Why were missions secularized?

Answer 25

Mexico wanted to end the missions because they were very powerful, reminded of Spanish rule, and controlled a lot of the best land

Question 26

Why did Mexico offer land grants?

Answer 26

to attract people to California, to grow the population and economy

Question 27

What two reasons helped CA's economy grow during Mexican rule?

Answer 27

1 - Mexico allowed trade (ships from US, Russia, Britain sailed to San Diego, San Francisco, Monterey) 2 - ranchos

Question 28

What was tallow used for?

Answer 28

to make soap and candles, to trade

Question 29

Who was Juana Briones?

Answer 29

a woman who owned a large rancho, adopted six children

Question 30

What are some animals and crops you'd find on a rancho?

Answer 30

cattle, horses, wheat, peas, beans, sheep, goats, corn, chickens, pigs

Question 31

Fiesta is Spanish for

Answer 31

party

Question 32

T or F - Married Mexican women could not own land.

Answer 32

F - they could

Question 33

What is a criollo?

Answer 33

a person born of Spanish parents in Mexico (could not have the best jobs)

Question 34

What is the definition of barter?

Answer 34

to trade one kind of item for another

Question 35

Who was Pablo Vicente de Sola?

Answer 35

the last (?) Spanish governor of Alta, CA, who let leaders choose to accept Mexican rule

Question 36

Cause: CA comes under Mexican rule. | 3 effects?

Answer 36

1) US, Britain, Russian trade with CA 2) Missions were secularized 3) Most land goes to Californios, not Indians, who are not well off and do not have much land 4) land grants 5) CA seen as opportunity

Question 37

Why was el Grito de Dolores an important event?

Answer 37

because it was a speech by Father Hidalgo that encouraged criollos, mestizos, and Indians to fight for freedom from Spanish rule

Question 38

T or F - Spain was too busy fighting Mexico to pay much attention to Alta CA

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Who gave a speech on Sept 16, 1810 encouraging Mexicans to fight for freedom from Spanish rule?

Answer 39

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Question 40

How were Indian workers paid on the ranchos?

Answer 40

NOT with money, just with food, clothes, and place to sleep

Question 41

Who is Mariano Vallejo?

Answer 41

a wealthy rancher in northern CA who owned 175,000 acres

Question 42

How long did the war (for Mexican independence) last?

Answer 42

11 years

Question 43

What are some goods found on the rancho?

Answer 43

cattle, tallow, hides, horses, crops, leather, milk, meat

Question 44

What is a reata?

Answer 44

a lasso, a slender woven cord about 80 feet long, made of very strong leather or strips of untanned hide

Question 45

What happened to the mission Indians when the missions closed?

Answer 45

had nowhere to go, were promised land but got very little land, and unproductive old mares, had to find work on the ranchos