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Socials 8 > Socials 8 China Unit 2 Zhou to Siddhartha > Flashcards

Socials 8 China Unit 2 Zhou to Siddhartha Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mandate of Heaven?

A

That the Gods think you should rule

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2
Q

What is a despot?

A

A person who is in authority who is a tyrant (a bad guy)

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3
Q

What did the Zhou believe would happen if the leader became a despot?

A

That the Gods would take away your power

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4
Q

Throughout Chinese history, what did new leaders always say they had?

A

The Mandate of Heaven

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5
Q

Did the defeat of the Shang dynasty mean that Chinese civilization was over?

A

No the Zhou picked up where the previous dynasty left off.

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6
Q

What did the Zhou borrow from the Shang

A

Anything they admired they took on as their own

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7
Q

What was the warring states period of time in China?

A

A time after the Zhou dynasty fell and warlords were fighting for power

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8
Q

Why is the Warring time important?

A

Because new ‘schools of thought” or ways of thinking emerged

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9
Q

What are the three most influential ways of thinking that emerged from the Warring period?

A

Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism

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10
Q

Why did these three new schools of thought emerge?

A

People were sick and tired of all the fighting and wanted to figure out how to live in harmony

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11
Q

Name the philosopher who had the most influence on Chinese society

A

Confucius

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12
Q

What did Confucius hate?

A

The political turmoil (fighting), that people were not living good lives, and he felt their bad behavior was creating chaos

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13
Q

What did Confucius believe about people?

A

That they were basically good, but needed to be trained by their families and society to behave well

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14
Q

To build a harmonious society, what are the five virtues people should have

A

honest, upright, conscientious, charitable, loving in all relationships

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15
Q

What is harmony?

A

peaceful co-existence

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16
Q

What is a philosopher?

A

someone who seeks wisdom about existence and reality

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17
Q

What is Confucianism?

A

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his followers

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18
Q

What does it mean to be moral?

A

Abiding by a set of rules about right and wrong conduct

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19
Q

What does it mean to be ethical?

A

Making right choices

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20
Q

What are the five important relationships in Confusianism

A

Father/son, ruler/subject, older brother/younger brother, husband/wife, friend and friend

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21
Q

What did all but one of Confucianism’s relationships have in common?

A

Power: only friend/friend did not have one person with more power

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22
Q

What did Confucius believe was the responsibility in relationships?

A

That the person with more power had to act with love and kindness to their inferiors

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23
Q

How were women considered during Confucius’ time?

A

Inferior and with few rights

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24
Q

Is Confucianism a religion?

A

No, it offers guidelines for moral and ethical behavior.

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25
Q

How were Han Feizi’s beliefs different than Confucius?

A

Han Feizi felt that people were basically bad, but Confucius thought people were basically good

26
Q

Han Feizi the lead writer of which group?

A

The Legalists

27
Q

What did Legalists believe

A

That all people were selfish and greedy. They believed that rulers should be ruthless and strong to make society work.

28
Q

What did Legalists think of Confucius’ ideas?

A

They thought he was totally wrong

29
Q

How did Confucius and Legalists differ in their belief of leadership?

A

Confucius: people will follow a good leader. Legalists: people will follow because of strong laws and harsh punishment

30
Q

How is Legalist thinking seen today in China?

A

Very harsh laws and severe punishments for crime even today

31
Q

How is Confucianism seen in China today?

A

People tend to use Confucius’s ideas in government

32
Q

What are the four basic penalties in Chinese law code that still have not changed even though they were made over 2000 years ago?

A

Beatings, imprisonment, exile, death

33
Q

How were court proceedings different in China?

A

the person was considered guilty and had to prove their innocence rather than today, in Canada, where people are presumed innocent and have to be proven guilty

34
Q

What was a collective punishment?

A

Whole towns, families, villages could be punished for one person’s crime.

35
Q

How did this collective punishment keep the peace?

A

Families would put severe pressure on each other to be well behaved.

36
Q

The teachings of Laozi are called

A

Daoism

37
Q

What was the goal of Daoists?

A

To live in harmony with nature by following ‘Dao’ or the way

38
Q

Daoists believed people should study what?

A

Nature to learn its’ ways

39
Q

What did Daoists believe would happen if you did not understand nature?

A

You would disturb it and that would harm well being of people

40
Q

What did Daoists think about rules and customs?

A

They did not like rules/customs as they prevented people from acting naturally

41
Q

What is exile?

A

being forced to live far away from one’s community or country

42
Q

What is treason?

A

Betrayal of one’s country or ruler

43
Q

What is an alchemist?

A

an early chemist whose methods would not be considered scientifically unsound

44
Q

What is immortality?

A

Endless life

45
Q

What is mercury?

A

a silver white metal that is liquid at room temperature

46
Q

What is metallurgy

A

the science of producing and purifying metals

47
Q

What is enlightenment?

A

being awake to a great reality, which most people never achieve.

48
Q

What did Daoists try to strengthen in people?

A

Their natural energy ‘Qu’

49
Q

What did Daoists try to learn how do do?

A

Live forever: Be immortal

50
Q

What did Daostists believe about money?

A

That wealth makes people feel too superior, makes them greedy and leads to disharmony and conflict

51
Q

What was Daoists favorite substance to work with?

A

Mercury

52
Q

Which approach came to China from India?

A

Buddhism created by a man called Siddhartha

53
Q

Who was Siddhartha?

A

The creator of Buddhism, he was an Indian prince

54
Q

What did Siddhartha seek to find out about?

A

He gave up a wealthy life to find out about the suffering of the world.

55
Q

What did Siddhartha find?

A

He found “enlightenment”

56
Q

What was Siddhartha’s new name

A

Buddha

57
Q

What did Buddha believe caused suffering

A

People are too concerned with themselves and their own desires and needs

58
Q

What is meditation?

A

the act of calming and emptying the mind

59
Q

What is a monastery?

A

A community of people devoted to religious life.

60
Q

What is nirvana?

A

In Buddhism, being completely free from suffering and worldly concerns

61
Q

What do Buddhists believe might happen after you die?

A

They believe in reincarnation – your soul can be reborn again and live another life to help you find enlightenment

62
Q

Why did Buddhism spread and become so popular?

A

Because many wealthy and influential people promoted it

Socials 8 (22 decks)

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