Sociology Flashcards
(38 cards)
“Sociology does not have an Einstein or a Newton yet”
- Society is a relatively young science discipline. 1838
- Several aspects are interlinked
- There is not universal law or ground theory that cover all societies or phenomenons
Sociological perspectives
Different ways to try to understand social work.
Sociology
Made up of a number of separate but more or less interlinked approaches and perspectives.
Perspectives in sociology
1) Structural-functionalism
2) Conflict theories
3) Symbolic interactionism
4) Social exchange theories
5) Ethnomethodology
Define and studies the nature and characteristics of the real.
Ontology
One fundamental real of existence
Monism
Two fundamental real of existences
Dualism
Many fundamental realms of existence
Pluralism
Ontology
The doctrine that all of existence is reducible to thought. It emphasizes soul, spirit, or mind as the fundamental reality of the universe.
IDEALISM
Explain Structural Functionalism
5 theorists
Society is a system; the system is made up -interconnected
- interdependent
- interrelated
Balance have to be kept of the part work equal
Each part have a specific function or instruction.
- COMTE - PARSONS
- SPENCE - MERTON
- DURKHEIM
(Human Body function)
Brief explain Conflict theory
3 theorists
These have two cases
HAVE and HAVE NOT
have means production as money.
This system is where the rich get riche and production, and the poor get poorly by exploitation and oppression.
- MARX
- ENGELS
- MILLS
SOCIAL EXCHANGE
Who advocated them ?
PROFIT = REWARD - COST
Human are rational beings
We need to get a profit when we put a reward. If we put but we never get something back, the that situación we will put a lot cost.
Symbolic Interaction
Where was born ??
Society is made up people in interaction. As language is very important in society.
SYMBOLS - SIGNS
Thomas
When we defined a situation that turn as real.
That means that if we defined a situación, we are putting a real consequence come from.
USA
-Thomas -Cooley-Mead
What is a symbol ??
How do humans differ from animal ?
Symbols have many means. Depend in which mean each person get from them.
Animals react for instant. And human define first the situation then they react.
Ethnomethodology
3 theorists
Where born ?
People use to create social reality (what have in common)
Patter that people we follow every day, when something change could be because something happen
- Gafiukel
- Sacks
- Circounel
Born in USA
The doctrine that all of existence is reducible to matter or matter in motion or energy. It tend to hold that only sensible entities, processes, or content are real. IT TEND to argue that experiences is the foundation of knowledge (naturalism)
Materialism
The doctrine that reality exists in spatially separate particles, elements, or units.
Atomism
The doctrine that reality consists of connected, interconnected, interdependent parts, units, or WHOLE
As whole
Holism
The concept, category or logical universal simply represents a composite summation of the characteristics or properties of the particular. Reality is in particulars.
Nominalism
The concept, category or logical universal simply represents something different from and organizes the properties or characteristics of the particular
The whole have more characteristics then separate.
Realism
The doctrine that the universe is the result of non-nature powers.
God punish you because you are a bad person
Supernaturalism
The doctrine that the universe is self-existent, self-explanatory, and self-directing.
If you have headache take medicine
Naturalism
The doctrine that events or things in the universe are not conditioned by others events or things.
“It is just happen”
Inderterminism
The doctrine that all events or things are the result of other events or things.
“Skin care” -use fancy creams
- have good DNA(good genes)
Determinism
