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TRI 1 TEST REVISION > South asian Vocabulary > Flashcards

South asian Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Agni

A

Second most important deity in Vedic pantheon
Seen as model priest
Is fire in its multitalented forms eg: hearth fire, sun, digestive fire
Pertains to sacrifice - fire transmits offerings to the heavens

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2
Q

Ahimsa

A

Non-violence

Towards all living things or their souls.

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3
Q

Atman

A

True/Personal self/soul
The inherent source of both life energy and spiritual awareness
The self beyond illusory ego formulations
To discover atman is to attain moksha

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4
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

“Song of the lord Krishna”
Provides the he central ideological and theological vision of the epic Mahanharta
Looks at human nature and the purpose of life

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5
Q

Bhakti

A

Devotion- bhad experiencing something good
Praticipatin in or sharing in divine being
Enjoying gods presence, worshipping him
Being as intimidate as possible
Complete self devotion to the God

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6
Q

Brahma

A

God of creation and the patron of Vedic and orthodox Brahmans. Part of modern Hindu trinity=Brahman create the world, Cishnu protects and sustains I, shiva d story’s it.

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7
Q

brahman/Brahmin

A

Refers to the highest caste, the priestly caste, the twice born
From the mouth of purusa

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8
Q

Dalit

A

“The untouchables”
Lowest caste/ excluded from the cast system
They handle the impure jobs

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9
Q

Devi

A

“The goddess” - comes in many forms
The constitution of the gods, semi independent and independent.
Have Shakti which give animating qualities to the male gods

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10
Q

Dharma

A

Translates as religion, duty, law, right, justice
Refers to the proper behaviour, dependent on caste, genre and stage of life.
Codified in the dharmashastras - seen to be onscribed in entire, not codified by humans
Fundamental concept of Hinduism

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11
Q

Guru

A

Literally “weighty”, refer to spiritual teachers
Sadhus who have become teachers,
Cannot marry or have sex
One can become a sadhu, can be from an caste
Social role : so

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12
Q

Hanuman

A 
Roma's servant 
,monkey god
Greatest devotee Rama 
IncarnTion of wind or shiva 
Courage power, selfless
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13
Q

Indra

A

Most important deity in the Vedic pantheon
Active , powerful, unpredictable, combative God
Honoured for courage and strength
Divine prototype of a warrior
King of heaven lightening, thing
Der, rains and river God

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14
Q

Karma

A

Consequences of action (violence especially brings karmic consequences)
Moral law of cause and effect of acne and thoughts
Appears in Jainism - karma attaches to your soul

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15
Q

Krishna

A

One of vishnu’s avatars (8th incarnation)
God of compassion
Plays flu as a boy

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16
Q

Mantra

A

Chants and Vedic hymns which have power over the external world
Sacred utterances

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17
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation

Theory of release from the cycle of rebirth, means of liberation or salvation. It is attained through lack of desire.

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18
Q

Puja

A

Spiritual transaction between the incarnate deity and worshippers

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19
Q

Purana

A

Ancient or old -literal translation
A genre of texts articulating more fully the theistic view outlined in the epics
Discuss cosmology, Royal genealogies, society, dharma , academics geography of pilgrimage sites, yogic practices, town planning, even gamer and poetics
Discusses shiva and Vishnu and their mythology

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20
Q

Rama

A

The ideal man or King
A hero in the epic Ramayana, war between gods and evil Asuras
Rama and other characters are exemplary roles of their social counter parts…
Divine birth and death, lives in wilderness for 12 years with wife and brother, Rama teams up with hanuman monkey army and recuse Sita, Rama defeats Ravana
Incantation of the God Vishnu

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21
Q

Sadhu

A

Holy person, renounced (excludes priests), celibate, detached from material goods, and devoted to spiritual life, devoted to moksha/liberation

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22
Q

Samsara

A

Rebirth

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23
Q

Sannyasin

A

Renouncer initiated into an order

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24
Q

Sanskrit

A

Original indo European language of South Asia which was introduced into India 4000 years ago approx.

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25
Q

Sati

A

Widow imolation
Derived from the goddess sati
Myth:’shiva and sati together shiva is insulted so sati jumps on a funeral pyre
Traditionally Seem to show loyalty
More modern/ western view : barbaric, seen to possibly be a way to gain wealth and honour for family.

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26
Q

Shakti

A

Female energy
Females provide the animating qualities for life, the energy, where as males provide structure
Power of the goddess

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27
Q

Shiva

A 
One of the principle deities of Hinduism
The auspicious 
an outsider live in Himalayas
Dual nature both malevolent and belevolent 
Hermit and family man 
Destroyer and transformer 
Role model to yogis and those looking for moksha 
Immobile mediator 
Cosmic dancer
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28
Q

Shruti

A

“Heard” , verbal, original, divine text
Refers to the body of most author active texts comprising of the central canon of Hinduism
Includes the four Vedas

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29
Q

Sita

A

Ramas wife
The ideal women: loyal, goes to forest with Rama, chaste
Sacrifice herself for Rama
Ideal example of dharma

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30
Q

Smriti

A

To remember, what is remembered , this refers to a body. Hindu texts usually attributed to an author, traditionally written down but constantly revised
literature such as the epics and Puranas

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31
Q

Soma

A

Mysterious plant , aliquot, and a God personifying the effects of ingesting the liquid from the plant.
Associated with sacrifice, and drunk for insoiration, vision, revelation by poets at sacrificial gatherings

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32
Q

Tantra

A

Word used in two ways : broad = series of ritual and yogic practices seperate min Vedic tradition
Restricted = a syepsyem of thought and practice based on a few shared premises and orientations. Hindu groups recognise the female goddess Shakti as shivas consort

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33
Q

Tapas

A

One aspect of sacrifice = heat

Built up through ascetic practice

34
Q

Upanishad

A

“Sitting close to teacher”
The books often recount discussions between teachers and students
Introduce notions of Karma, samsara, moksha
Later accepted by many Indians as the culmination of the Vedas , it’s highest teachings
They introduce a set of new concepts that grow out of earlier Vedic thought
Commonly referred to as the last Vedanta
The concerns of the atman is a key focus
Communication to god happened in the mind, through meditation and yoga ect…
Belief in atman
Considered a more orthodox version of the Vedas
Sacrifice and rituals not as important as in the Vedas

35
Q

Vishnu

A

One of the principle deities of Hinduism
“The one who pervades”
He takes over Indians role as primary demon vanquished
He is both supreme deity and active embodied finite God involved in human affairs
Rises through ranks to be me too God
Has 10 incarnations or avatars eg: Krishna in order to destroy demon kamsa
Dreams the universe into reality; creator of the cosmic order and the elements

36
Q

Yajna

A

Vedic sacrifice
Sacrifice cosmology/cosmogony =sacrifice that reproduces the cosmos
They replicate the layout of the cosmos with the altar
Sacrifice, devotion, worship, offering
Ritual done in front of a sacred fire
Offers include, Millie, ghee, grains, cake.

37
Q

Yoga

A

A set of beliefs and practices set out by patanjali in his yoga sutras. An accumulation of yogic practice for many centuries prior.
Based around 8 limbs
Origins ancient India

38
Q

Arati

A

Part of Puja (worship)
Waving a light clockwise in front of a statue of a deity while placing one hand on the eyes to absorb the laugh of the deity

39
Q

Aryan

A

“THe noble ones” or “victors”

Applied to migrants who moved into the Indus Valley the second millennium bce

40
Q

Ashram

A

A scluded hermitage often in the first
Teacher and disciples,meditation, usually headed by a guru
Individuals of this practice resign themselves from the worlds

41
Q

Asuras

A

Demons
Power seeking deities - sinful
Opposed to Eva’s
Cause chaos

42
Q

Avatar

A

An earthly embodiment of a deity

43
Q

Ayurveda

A

Traditional Hindu medicine

44
Q

Brahmana

A

Part of the Hindu literature
Commentaries on the Vedas, detailing the proper performances of rituals and discussing the meaning , purpose and history of the mantras

45
Q

Darshana

A

Part of practicing Puja before murti
Act of seeing and being seen by the deity, accompanied by intense emotion
Touching the feet of the deity

46
Q

Deva-Loka

A

Plan of blissful existence where the gods and Eva reside

Place of eternal light and goodness

47
Q

Ganesha

A

Son of shiva and Parvati
Remover of obstacles,,invoked when beginning worship or starting any new venture
Also revered in Jainism

48
Q

Ganga

A

The river Ganges personification as a goddess

49
Q

Guna

A 
One of the three qualities that make up the whole of the manifest universe or prakriti
3gunas
1. Creation, being harmony 
2. Preservation 
3. Destruction
50
Q

Istadeva

A

Personal favourite God or goddess
Daily ritual in temple home or act of devotion
Multisensory: incense sweets image or sculpture of deva

51
Q

Jati

A

Sub-Varna caste

52
Q

Jnana

A

Knowledge, along with action and devotion. One of the three paths to moksha

53
Q

Kali

A 
Wife of shiva
Capable of destroying ten worst evil,
Ndings and beginnings 
Fearless goddess with heart of a mother
Associated with Shakti
54
Q

Kaliyuga

A

The age of ignorance, darkness or the emoji which is the current age.

55
Q

Kshatriyas

A

The scone of the four castes
Traditionally warriors or administrators
Purusas Arms

56
Q

Lakshmi

A

Hindu goddess of wealth and good fortune spiritual and physical
Vishnu’s wife, on a lotus incarnates to help Vishnu
One of the main forms of the Devi (mother goddess)
Ideal wife

57
Q

Lingua/shiva Linga

A

The symbol of shivas generative power
Both female and male gentialia featured for balance
Libations poured over during rituals for regenerative powers ie. Milk

58
Q

Mahanharta

A

Sanskrit epic
Includes the Bhagavad Gita
Source of many stories about dharma (explicitly war or class)

59
Q

Mahavira

A 
24th tirthankara (Jainism)
Pursuit of spiritual awakening, a bond all worldly possssions and blame an ascetic
60
Q

Murti

A

Typically refers to an image that expresses a divine spirit
Meaning literally embodiment, a represent an of a deity, made out of stone, wood, or metal by a special trained Brahmins
Important part of Puja

61
Q

Namaste

A

“Bowing to you”

I bow to e divine in you

62
Q

Nirguna

A

Without qualities

63
Q

Nirvana

A

A transcendent state in which there are neither suffering or desir, or sense of self
Subjec released from cycle of Rebirth
Represents the final hole in Buddhism.

64
Q

Parvati

A

Consort of shiva
Neither of Ganesha and skanda
Supreme goddess of fertility and love and Devotion

65
Q

Pitr-loka

A

World of the ancestors

66
Q

Prana

A

Life force or vital force
All cosmic energy that’s present at all levels of the universe
Originates from the Sunni living things, this universal energy is Seen as responsible for all bodily functions

67
Q

Prasada

A

Is a material substance of food that is a religious offering
It is no all consumed by worshippers after Puja, worship
Prasada is considered to have the deities blessing residing within it for the primary worshipper

68
Q

Raja

A

A title for a monarch or princely ruler of South Asia

69
Q

Shaiva(ism)

A

On of the major traditions within Hinduism that Evers shiva as the supreme bein

70
Q

Shudra

A

Fourth Varna caste

71
Q

Svayamabhu

A

“Self-manifested”, “self-existing”, what is created by its own accord

72
Q

Swami

A

An ascetic or yogi

Initiated into a monastic order

73
Q

Artha

A

Material prosperity/life, wealth, politics.

74
Q

Kama

A

Desire, sensual pleasure

75
Q

Tejas

A

Light
Power, brilliance, energy
Agni

76
Q

Vedas

A

“Knowledge”
A large body of texts originating in ancient Indian subcontinent
4 Vedas = rig Veda, yajurveda, samaveda, arharveda
Sub categorised into four major text types.
Samaritans, mantras
Aranyakas rituals ceremonies sacrifices symbolic sacrifices
Brahmans, rituals ceremonies and cpsacrifices
Upanishad: discuss meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge
Communication with God happened in external, materialistic ways all but Upanishad

77
Q

Vaishnava

A

Followers who believe Vishnu is the supreme God

78
Q

Ramayana

A 
Epic mythical poem, path of Rama
Tells the story of defeating Ravana 
Shows examples of social ideals
Rama = incarnation of Vishnu
Dharma and relationship
79
Q

Hindutva

A

Literally hinduness
Term introduce in 20s
Ideology
Rewrite history to say myths are history

80
Q

Four stages of life

A

Student : celibate, under guru (up to 20yrs)
Householder: married, children economic activity (20-50yrs)
First ascetic: semi-renunciation; go to forest with wife, may keep some social ties, may continue to perform yajnas (perhaps to death)
Renunciation: full renunciation, leave family, community, all social ties, will not perform yajnas but internalise the sacrifice, be celibate. (To death)

TRI 1 TEST REVISION (2 decks)

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