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French Wine Scholar COPY Donahue > Southwest > Flashcards

Southwest Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the English rule in SW France?

A

During the middle ages Gascony was incorporated into Aquitaine
This resulted in 300 years of English rule

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2
Q

What did Bordeaux do to stop the wine competition by SW France?

A

During the 13th & 14th Centuries, Bordeaux wine merchants imposed a tax against SW wine
They also passed a law stating no SW France wine could be sold until all Bordeaux wine was sold
This was a death blow to the SW France wine industry

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3
Q

Where is SW France located?

A

Bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean
On the east by the Massif Central
To the south by the Pyrénées and Spanish border
and to the north by Bordeaux

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4
Q

What are the 4 subregions of SW France that the AOC’s are divided into?

A
  1. The Bergerac & Dordogne River
  2. The Garonne and Tarn Rivers
  3. The Lot River
  4. The Pyrénées foothills
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5
Q

What are the 3 distinct climate groups of SW France?

A
  1. Bergerac & Dordogne - Maritime with Atlantic influences slightly warmer than Bordeaux
  2. Garonne/Tarn/Lot - More continental, warmer and dryer than Bordeaux impacted by both the Atlantic and Mediterranean
  3. Pyrénées foothills - Maritime with alpine influences. The Pyrénéese Mountains ensure cool nights and puts the area in a rain shadow
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6
Q

What are the red grapes of the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc (aka Bouchey)
Fer Servadou (Braucol, Manoi/Mansois, Pinenc)
Merlot
Malbec (Côt ), native to SW France
Merille (Perigord), native to SW France
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7
Q

What are the white grapes of the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A 
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Ugni Blanc
Ondenc
Chenin
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8
Q

What are the white grapes of the Garonne/Tarn/Lot subregions of SW France?

A 
In addition to the white grapes of the Dordogne region they are
Len de l'El
Mauzac/Mauzac Rose, native to SW France
Saint Come (aka Rousselou)
Chenin (aka Rouchelein)
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9
Q

What are the red grapes of the Garonne/Tarn/Lot subregions of SW France?

A 
In addition to the red grapes of the Dordogne region they are:
Gamay
Tannat, native to SW France
Negrette
Duras
Syrah
Abouriou
Cinsault
Pronelard, native to SW France
Jurançon Noir, native to SW France
Muyssagues
Pinot Noir
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10
Q

What are the white grapes of the Pyrénées subregion of SW France?

A 
Arrufiac, native to SW France
Baroque, native to SW France
Camaret, native to SW France
Lauzet, native to SW France
Raffiat, native to SW France
Clairette Blanche
Courbu
Gros Manseng
Petit Manseng
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11
Q

What are the red grapes of the Pyrénées subregion of SW France?

A

Tannat
Fer Servadou
Corbu Noir
Manseng Noir

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12
Q

T or F? Merlot is native to SW France..

A

False, it is native to Bordeaux

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13
Q

What are the Synonyms for the following grapes in SW France:

Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Franc
Malbec
Mérille

A

Chenin Blanc - Rouchelein
Cabernet Franc - Bouchy
Malbec - Côt
Mérille - Périgord

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14
Q

T or F? Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng are grown in the Garonne/Tarn/Lot subregions..

A

False

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15
Q

What are the general white wine styles of SW France?

A

Most whites are dry
Dessert wines can be made with botrytized or late harvest grapes
Sparkling wines are done both via Traditionelle and Ancestral methods

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16
Q

What are the general red wine styles in SW France?

A

All are dry

Some are made as Vin Primeur (Gamay). Carbonic maceration

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17
Q

What grapes are Bergerac AOC reds and rosés crafted from?

A 
At least 2 of the following:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Côt 
Mérille
Fer Servadou
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18
Q

What grapes are the Bergerac Sec AOC dry Whites crafted from?

A 
At least 2 of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Ondenc
Chenin
Ugni Blanc - if present there must be at least the same % of Sauvignon Blanc
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19
Q

What grapes are in Côtes de Bergerac: Red and Moelleux styled whites

A

Reds- the same as Bergerac AOC but lower yields

Moelleux - the same blending formula as Bergerac Sec but an RS of .4 - 5.4%, yields are lower

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20
Q

What grapes make up the Dordogne subregion Saussignac AOC liquoreux whites?

A 
Any of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Grapes can be late harvest or botrytized RS >4.5%
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21
Q

What grapes make up the Dordogne subregion AOC of Rosette: Moelleux and Liquoreux wines?

A

Any or all of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon
Muscadelle

RS is .8 - 5.4%

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22
Q

What grapes make up the Dordogne subregion AOC of Monbazillac: Liquoreux whites?

A 
Any or all of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Grapes may be late harvest or Botrytized

RS is > 4.5%

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23
Q

What grapes make up the Garonne and Tarn subregion AOC of Gaillac: red & rosé

A

60% red, 30% white and 10% rosé
Reds and rosés: Duras, Fer and Syrah with Gamay and both cabs as blending partners
Gaillac Primeur is 100% Gamay, hand harvested and fermented via carbonic maceration

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24
Q

Describe the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Irouléguy..

A

Southernmost AOC in SW France
Only AOC in the Basque Country
Whites: Petit & Gros Manseng and or Courbu in any percentage
Reds & rosés: At least 50% Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc (together), plus Tannat

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25
Describe the Pyrénées subregion AOC Jurançon: Vendange Tardives..
100% Petit Manseng and or Gros Manseng Harvest must begin at least 5 weeks after the first day of Jurançon AOC harvest There must be at least 2 passes in the vineyard Wines must be held at least 18 months before being submitted to a tasting panel Minimum 3.5% RS
26
What are the grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Jurançon: Sec (dry), Moelleux and Liquoreux whites?
Sec (dry): made from Petit Manseng, Gros Manseng, Courbu, Petit Courbu, Camaralet and Lauzet < 4.5% RS Moelleux & Liquoreux: same blending formula as for Jurançon Sec; grapes hand harvested late in the season with at least 2 passes in the vineyard > 3.5% RS
27
What grape variety is Fer Servadou similar to?
Cabernet Franc
28
What grape variety is Prunelard related to?
Malbec
29
In the Bergerac-Dordogne subregion which AOC is only dry whites?
Bergerac Sec AOC, similar grapes to Bordeaux
30
In the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion which AOC's include Liquoreux wines?
Saussignac, Rosett & Monbazillac AOC's
31
In the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion which AOC's include reds & rosés?
Bergerac AOC similar to Bordeaux grapes
32
In the Garonne & Tarn subregion what AOC is for white only?
Gaillac Premières Côtes | Mauzac & Mauzac Rose are the major grapes
33
In the Garonne and Tarn subregion what grapes lead in the Gaillac: reds and rosés?
Syrah Duras Fer-Servadou
34
In the Garonne & Tarn subregion what grapes are in the Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise?
Mauzac and/or Mauzac Rose
35
In the Garonne & Tarn subregion what grape is in Gaillac Primeur?
Gamay
36
In the Lot River subregion what is the major AOC?
Cahors
37
What is the major grape variety in the Lot River subregion?
70% min Malbec | up to 30% Merlot and/or Tannat
38
What are the major AOC's in the Pyrénées subregion?
``` Jurançon Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Sec Irouleguy Madiran Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh ```
39
What Pyrénées subregion AOC is only red
Madiran
40
In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Fer Servadou known as
Pinenc
41
In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Cabernet Franc known as?
Bouchy
42
What 3 Pyrénées subregion AOC's can only produce white wines?
Jurançon Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Sec Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Mansengs rule here
43
What are the grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOC's?
Reds: Artisanal, rustic largely from Tannat Whites: Largely local, obscure varieties that are unique in character and flavor profile
44
What are the grapes in the Lot River sub-region sub region AOC of Cahors?
Long referred to as Black wines Reds are a minimum of 70% Malbec (Côt ) with up to 30% Merlot and/or Tannat added to the blend Malbec is indigenous to this area
45
T or F? Malbec is indigenous to SW France..
True
46
What grapes are in the Garonne & Tarn subregion AOC of Gaillac: dry and sweet whites?
Dry whites at least 50% Mauzac, Mauzac Rose, Muscadelle and Len de l'El. Ondenc & Sauvignon are optional blanding partners ``` Sweet whites (Gaillac Vendange Tardives): at least 50% Len de l'El and Ondenc with an RS of > 4.5% Muscadelle, Mauzac and Mauzac Rose are authorized blending partners ```
47
What grapes are in the Garonne & Tarn subregion AOC of Gaillac Premières-Côtes: dry whites?
A new white only AOC on the right bank of the Tarn River Located within the Gaillac AOC at an altitude of 460-990' Primary grapes: Len de l'El, Mauzac, Mauzac Rose and Muscadelle, at least 1 of these must be in the blend Sauvignon Blanc and Ondenc complete the mix
48
What grapes are in the Garonne & Tarn River subregion AOC of Gaillac: sparkling white?
Can be made both Traditionelle and Ancestral methods Traditionelle follows the same blending formula as still whites Ancestral uses 100% Mauzac and/or Mauzac Rose Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise: > 1.7% RS Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise Doux: > 5% RS
49
When did formal viticulture begin in SW France?
1st century BC by the Romans. Long before Bordeaux was ever planted to the vine
50
What makes the SW Region of France unique?
2 Distinct River Systems AOC's & subregions are more dissimilar than similar Most AOC's are unknown
51
Describe the Pyrénées AOC of Pacherenc du Vic Bilh Sec: Dry white..
Pacherenc and Madiran cover the exact geographic area Pacherence is for white and Madiran is for red The Sec is at least 60% Courbu, Petit Courbu, Petit Manseng and/or Gros Manseng plus (optionally) Arrufiac, Sémillon and/or Sauvignon
52
What are the grapes of AOC Pacherenc du Vic Bilh: Moelleux & Liquoreux whites?
Follows the same blending formula as Pacherenc du Vic Bilh Sec but with > 3.5% RS
53
What grapes are in the Pyrénées AOC of Madiran?
Wines must contain > 70% Tannat Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Fer Servadou can complete the blend
54
What are the IGP's of SW France?
The largest and most significant IGPs are Côtes de Gascogne and Comté-Tolosan
55
What is the grape mixture for the Côtes de Gascogne IGP's?
About 80% white, finished dry or Moelleux, 10% red, 10% rose 75% of total is exported Côtes de Gascogne shares the same zone of production as Armagnac
56
Which SW France subregion grows Petit and Gros Manseng?
Pyrénées
57
T or F? Gaillac Premières-Côtes makes late harvest wines from Chenin..
False
58
T or F? Cahors is located in the Garonne/Tarn subregion
False
59
Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise is crafted from?
Mauzac & Mauzac Rose
60
Braucol, Mansoi and Pinenc are all synonyms for what grape varieties?
Fer Servadou
61
What grape variety is most associated with the Cahors AOC?
Malbec
62
What 3 grapes are used to make the sweet wines of Saussignac, Rosette and Monbazillac AOC's?
Sémillon Sauvignon Blanc Muscadelle
63
The term Liquoreux refers to?
Sweet wines made from Botrytized grapes
64
What wine styles are produced in Côtes de Bergerac?
Red | Moelleux White
65
What SW France AOC is located within French Basque Country?
Irouléguy AOC
66
What SW France AOC makes wines mainly form Tannat?
Madiran
67
What SW subregion produces wines the closest in style to Bordeaux?
Dordogne- Bergerac
68
What style of wine is made in the Saussignac, Rosette and Monbazillac AOC's?
Sweet wines
69
What is the name of the river that runs through Gaillac?
The Tarn
70
Where was micro-oxygenation invented?
The Madiran AOC in SW France
71
"Methode Gaillacoise" refers to?
The term used in Gaillac to indicate a sparkling wine made using the Ancestral method
72
What SW France subregion lies in a rain shadow?
The Pyrénées Foothills
73
Which AOC within the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion does not make white wine?
Bergerac AOC (red & rosé)
74
Who invented the micro-oxygenation winemaking technique?
Patrick Ducournau
75
What grape variety is used to make Gaillac Primeur?
Gamey
76
What SW France AOC makes sparkling wine using Ancestral Method?
Gaillac AOC
77
The term Moelleux refers to?
Semi-sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes with or without Botrytis
78
What SW France AOC is most associated with Len de l'El grapes?
Gaillac AOC
79
The Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC overlaps which appellation?
The Madiran AOC
80
What style of wine is produced in the Jurançon AOC?
White wines based on Gros & Petit Manseng
81
Côt is a synonym for what other grape variety?
Malbec
82
In SW France, Cabernet Franc is also known as?
Bouchy
83
What is the river that runs through Cahors?
The Lot
84
What is the river the runs through Bergerac?
The Dordogne
85
What are the climates of the SW France subregions?
Dordogne-Bergerac is maritime: similar to Bordeaux but slightly warmer and slightly less rain Lot & Tarn areas are Mediterranean: with maritime influences, less rain, more sun & warmth Pyrénées maritime: with alpine influences, rain shadow effect and drastic diurnal temperature swings
86
What are the major AOC's of Dordogne-Bergerac subregion?
Saussignac, Rosette, Monbazillac AOC's Bergerac AOC Côtes de Bergerac AOC Bergerac AOC

French Wine Scholar COPY Donahue (15 decks)

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