Special Relativity, General Relativity, Interstellar #2

Question 1

1. All laws of physics for physics have the same functional form in any inertial reference frame
2. Speed of light (in a vacuum) is same in any inertial reference frame

Answer 1

1905-Postulates

Question 2

A very rareified and highly elastic substance formerly believed to permeate all space..

Answer 2

Aether

Question 3

The greek symbol __ is the speed of a reference frame, expressed as the fraction of the speed of light

Answer 3

Beta

Question 4

The fact that the farther away an object is from us in the universe, the greater the redshift is one of the clues that led to the __ idea.

Answer 4

Big Bang

Question 5

A region of space where the gravitational field is so strong that nothing can have enough kinetic energy to escape

Answer 5

Blackhole

Question 6

Short for membrane. In the 5-D bulk, it’s the 4-D spacetime..

Answer 6

Brane

Question 7

A gravitational distortion from two coalesing neutron stars produces a rapidly increasing frequency response known as a __.

Answer 7

Chirp

Question 8

Particles ejected out of the sun and generated in the Milky Way galaxy

Answer 8

Cosmic Rays

Question 9

In spite of the popular press given to __, Special Relativity was actually developed by many people.

Answer 9

Einstein

Question 10

A quantity which describes the strength of the electromagnetic force. The more you got, the bigger the force

Answer 10

Electric Charge

Question 11

A series of experiments beginning in about 1889 which show the inertial mass are intimately related to better than 1 part in 10^12

Answer 11

EOTVOS

Question 12

The classical transformations between reference frames

Answer 12

Galilean

Question 13

The greek symbol __ is perhaps best thought of as a distortion factor.

Answer 13

Gamma

Question 14

Abbreviation for General Relativity used in conversation.

Answer 14

GR

Question 15

The more common phrase for gravitational charge

Answer 15

Gravitational Mass

Question 16

Disturbances in the curvature of spacetime, generated be accelereated masses, that propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light.

Answer 16

Gravitational Waves

Question 17

The propotionality constant between the net force and acceleration, usually mentioned as F=ma and referred to as ‘inertial mass’

Answer 17

Inertia

Question 18

A value which does not change between between reference frames

Answer 18

Invariant

Question 19

Person known for a simplified explanation of how spacetime and matter are intertwined.

Answer 19

John-Wheeler

Question 20

It is thought R.W. Wood, a scientist at __, successfully used the Doppler effect to trick his way out of a ticket for running a red light.

Answer 20

Johns Hopkins

Question 21

The phenomenon that a moving object’s length is measured to be shorter than its proper length

Answer 21

Length Contraction

Question 22

An effect included in images generated for the movie to give a realisteic photographic effect.

Answer 22

Lens flair

Question 23

Laser Interferonmetry Gravitational-Wave Observatory

Answer 23

LIGO

Question 24

The name of the Special Relativity transformations between reference frames. Also the name of a prominant mathematician.

Answer 24

Lorentz

Question 25

These transformation equations convert between {u\_x', u\_y', u\_z', 1} coordinates and {u\_x, u\_y, u\_z, 1} coordinates in different inertial reference frames

Answer 25

Lorentz Velocity

Question 26

A word popular during the years 1850-1920 which means 'producing or transmitting light'

Answer 26

Luminiferous

Question 27

A spread-out __ of gravitational wave observatories in the US, Europe, and India...

Answer 27

Network

Question 28

Examples of __ refence frames include: * Rockets during an acceleration phase * The rotating Earth * Accelerating spaceships

Answer 28

Non-inertial

Question 29

One possible name for the 5th dimension coordinate. It is often discuessed similar to a spatial-like dimension

Answer 29

Out-back

Question 30

It is not clear if wormholes actually can exist. Calculations indicate if one is created, the walls will attract each other and \_\_.

Answer 30

Pinch-off

Question 31

Minkowski and Einstein tried to solve the crises of the late 1800s using the __ used in most textbooks today

Answer 31

Popular Treatment

Question 32

An idea stated without proof

Answer 32

Postulate

Question 33

The effect of an EM wave's frequency getting smaller and the wavelength longer as the source of light moves away from the observer

Answer 33

Redshift

Question 34

The change in frequency of light, caused by the realative motion of the source and the observer, when taking into account effects described by the special theory of relativity

Answer 34

Relativistic Doppler Shift

Question 35

Comparing the values for measurements made in different coordinate systems

Answer 35

Relativity

Question 36

Two events occuring **at the same instant in time.**

Answer 36

Simultaneous

Question 37

The **subfield of weather** that deals with the EM fields of the sun and planets and describes the radiation dose received by pilots and astronauts and the impact of cosmic rays upon satellites and communications

Answer 37

Space Weather

Question 38

Another name for the collection of {x,y,z,t}

Answer 38

Spacetime

Question 39

The jump to light speed in __ is incorrectly represented.

Answer 39

Star-Wars

Question 40

A construction used to represent {x,y,z,**outback}** with time illustrated differently

Answer 40

Tesseract

Question 41

GPS system. Due to the combined effects of Special and General Relativity, the GPS satellite clocks appear to run __ microsec/day faster

Answer 41

Thirty-five

Question 42

The apparent rise and fall of water levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun

Answer 42

Tidal Waves

Question 43

Nearly all of the explanations of the __ fudge the answer by ignoring that the spaceships **must accelerate** and therefore Special Relativity doesn't strickly apply

Answer 43

Twin Paradox

Question 44

A speculative structure linking disparate poitns in spacetime

Answer 44

Wormhole