Species Specific Neural Diseases

Question 1

What diseases are associated with the canine nervous system?

Answer 1

hydrocephalus, granulomatous meningencephalitis, neosporosis, toxoplasmosis, encephalitozoonosis, canine distemper, rabies, pseudorabies, primary brain neoplasms, ischemic myelopathy

Question 2

What are the causes for hydrocephalus in canines?

Answer 2

congenital or commonly incidental

Question 3

What is granulomatous meningoencephalitis characterized as?

Answer 3

marked infiltrate of of LC, PC, and macrophages around vessels and in the neuropil (especially in the white matter)

Question 4

What is neosporosis in dogs caused by?

Answer 4

Neospora caninum

Question 5

What does neosporosis cause?

Answer 5

necrotizing purulent to pyogranulomatous to lymphocytic inflammation

Question 6

What lesions do toxoplasmosis cause?

Answer 6

lesions similar to neosporosis

Question 7

What is encephalitozoonosis caused by?

Answer 7

encephalitozoon caniculi

Question 8

Where do organisms in encephalitozoonosis colonize?

Answer 8

in the endothelium

Question 9

What organs does encephalitozoonosis cause lesions in?

Answer 9

the brain and the kidney

Question 10

What specific lesion does encephalitozoonosis cause?

Answer 10

lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis

Question 11

What type of disease is canine distemper?

Answer 11

multisystemic disease

Question 12

What does canine distemper cause?

Answer 12

lymphocytic encephalitis

Question 13

In chronic disease, what lesion does canine distemper cause?

Answer 13

demyelination

Question 14

What lesion does rabies cause in dogs?

Answer 14

lymphocytic encephalitis, neuronal degeneration and necrosis; glial nodules

Question 15

What is ischemic myelopathy secondary to in dogs?

Answer 15

intervertebral disk disease or IV disk cartilage emboli

Question 16

What CNS diseases do cats get?

Answer 16

feline infectious peritonitis, cryptococcosis, cerebellar hypoplasia, feline ischemic encephalopathy, meningioma, and purulent otiris media/interna/meningitis

Question 17

What is feline infectious peritonitis caused by?

Answer 17

FIP coronavirus

Question 18

What lesions does feline infectious peritonitis cause?

Answer 18

lymphoplasmacytic to pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis, myelitis, and ventriculitis

Question 19

What causes cryptococcosis in cats?

Answer 19

C. neoformans

Question 20

What lesions are associated with cryptococcosis?

Answer 20

cavities in the brain filled with clear gelatenous material (yeasts, capsule, macrophages)

Question 21

What is cerbellar hypoplasia secondary to?

Answer 21

feline parvovirus infection during cerebellar development

Question 22

What lesions are associated with cerebellar hypoplasia?

Answer 22

small cerebellum; few, disorganized purkinje neurons

Question 23

What lesion is feline ischemic encephalopathy caused by?

Answer 23

focal ischemic necrosis of the cerebrum

Question 24

What is feline ischemic encephalopothy associated with?

Answer 24

aberrant migration of cuterebra sp. Larva

Question 25

What is purulent otitis media/interna/meningitis caused by?

Answer 25

a bacterial infection

Question 26

What are some diseases of the equine CNS?

Answer 26

cervical spinal canal stenosis, protozoal myelitis, leukoencephalomalacia, verminous encephalitis, rabies, arboviral encephalomyelitis, equine herpesvirus 1, equine lower motor neuron disease, equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy, and granulomatous polyneuritis

Question 27

What is verminous encephalitis caused by?

Answer 27

halicephalobus gingivalis infection

Question 28

What lesion is associated with verminous encephalitis?

Answer 28

granulomatous encephalitis and nephritis

Question 29

What causes rabies in horses?

Answer 29

rhabdovirus

Question 30

What lesions are associated with rabies in horses?

Answer 30

lymphocytic encephalomyelitis, neuronal degeneration, glial nodules, negri bodies

Question 31

What lesion is associated with arboviral encephalomyelitis?

Answer 31

lymphocytic encephalomyelitis

Question 32

What lesions are associated with equine herpesvirus 1?

Answer 32

vasculitis, hemorrhage, and necrosis

Question 33

What lesions are associated with the bovine CNS system?

Answer 33

polioencephalomalacia, listeriosis, TEME, fibrinopurulent meningitis, bovine virus diarrhea, rabies, bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Question 34

What is polioencephalomalacia caused by in cattle?

Answer 34

thiamine deficiency, excessive dietary sulver and pb toxicosis

Question 35

What lesions does polioencephalomalacia cause in cattle?

Answer 35

laminar cortical necrosis, dorsal cerebral cortex

Question 36

What is listeriosis in cattle caused by?

Answer 36

listeria monocytogenes

Question 37

What lesions are associated with listeriosis?

Answer 37

microabscesses in the medulla and the brainstem

Question 38

What causes TEME?

Answer 38

histophilus somni

Question 39

What lesions are associated with TEME?

Answer 39

acute ultifocal necrohemorrhagic and purulent vaculitis and meningoencephalitis

Question 40

What is fibrinopurulent meningitis caused by?

Answer 40

neonatal coliform bacterial infection

Question 41

What lesions does bovine diarrhea virus cause?

Answer 41

congenital CNS and ocular anomalies, hydranencephaly, hydrocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, microphthalmia

Question 42

What lesion does bovine spongiform encephalopathy cause?

Answer 42

neuronal vacuolation at the obex

Question 43

What are diseases that affect the ovine nervous system?

Answer 43

fibrinopurulent meningitis, listeriosis, scrapie, polioencephalomalacia, amd enterotoxemia

Question 44

What causes fibrinopurulent meningitis in the ovine?

Answer 44

neonatal bacteria infection by P. multocida and M haemolytica

Question 45

What breed is susceptible to scrapie?

Answer 45

Suffolk

Question 46

What lesions are associated with scrapie?

Answer 46

neuronal vacuolation at the obex and PrPsc also accumulates in the retina

Question 47

What causes enterotoxemia in ovine?

Answer 47

an epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D

Question 48

What lesion is associated with enterotoxemia?

Answer 48

bilateral symmetrical encephalomalacia caused by damage to vessels in the mesencephalon

Question 49

What are some diseases of the porcine nervous system?

Answer 49

fibrinopurulent meningitis, edema disease, pseudorabies, and water deprivation/sodium ion toxicosis

Question 50

What population of swine does fibrinopurulent meningitis occur in?

Answer 50

feeder pigs

Question 51

What bacteria cause fibrinopurulent meningitis?

Answer 51

Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, A. suis

Question 52

What causes edema disease in pigs?

Answer 52

shiga toxin released by toxigenic E. coli

Question 53

What lesion does edema disease cause

Answer 53

fibrinoid necrosis in the vessels in the brain

Question 54

What is pseudorabies in swine caused by?

Answer 54

procine herpesvirus

Question 55

What lesions does pseudorabies cause?

Answer 55

lymphocytic and necrotizing encephalitis in neonates

Question 56

When do lesions develop from water deprivationsodium ion toxicosis in swine?

Answer 56

when swine are reintroduced to water

Question 57

What lesions are associated with water deprivation/sodium ion toxicosis?

Answer 57

eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and laminar cortical necrosis

Question 58

What does cervical spinal stenosis in equine cause?

Answer 58

axonal degeneration in white matter tracts due to degenerative myelopathy

Question 59

What is Protozoal myelitis in horses due to?

Answer 59

sarcocystis neurona

Question 60

What lesions are associated with protozoal myelitis?

Answer 60

necrohemorrhagic and lymphoplasmacytic myelitis

Question 61

What is leukoencephalomalacia in horses caused by?

Answer 61

moldy corn poisoning - fumonisin B1 a mycotoxin from Fusarim moniliforme fungi

Question 62

What lesions are associated with leukoencephalomalacia in horses?

Answer 62

massive necrosis of white matter